| HEREFORD 3510 2400. Borough 1066 (BF, p. 122). Mint 924–39,
970s–1154. 1334 Subsidy £604.54. Probably a bishopric from the seventh
century and a defended royal centre from the eighth, with a role as a bastion
against the Welsh. Shire town and mint. ‘Civitas’ and ‘port’
(i.e. market) in Domesday Book (Darby, p. 365). Market town c.1600
(Everitt, p. 471). Fair 1587, 8 Oct (Harrison, p. 396). See also M.D. Lobel,
‘Hereford’, in M.D. Lobel ed., Historic Towns: maps and plans
of towns and cities in the British Isles: with historical commentaries from
earliest times to 1800, (London, 1969). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough, mint) recorded 1086, mercatum
(Darby, p. 369). The Domesday entry for Eaton Bishop (four and a half miles
west of Hereford) refers to an exchange for land ‘in which the market
now is’. This was presumably the broad market place in the ‘High
Town’ outside the city defences, to which William fitz Osbern moved
the market in the late eleventh century (H.C. Darby and I.B. Terrett eds.,
The Domesday Geography of Midland England (Cambridge, 1971), p. 104;
J. O’Donnell, ‘Market Centres in Herefordshire, 1200–1400’,
Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club (1971)
xl, p. 186). In 1230, the citizens of Hereford claimed that the town was
being damaged by the market at Leominster, Herefordshire (q.v.) (CRR,
xiiii, no. 595). In 1231, K Hen III prohibited the market at Hereford as
a result of the Welsh campaign (CR, 1227–31, p. 537). On 5 Nov
1237, K Hen III ordered the sh of Hereford that the Sat market held at Leominster,
which was prohibited as it was detrimental to the royal market at Hereford,
would henceforth be held on Fri (CR, 1237–42, p. 2). The hide
market (mercatum cororium) was to be moved in Nov 1262 (Rev. R.G.
Griffiths trans, Registrum Thome de Cantilupo, episcopi Herefordensis
(Cant. and York Soc, London, 1907), p. 93). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) Ethelbert the Martyr (20 May); gr 1121, by K Hen I
to St Mary and St Ethelbert the Martyr and Bp Richard (i.e. the cathedral
ch of Hereford) (Regesta, ii, nos. 1265, 1267). In 1150x54, Roger,
earl of Hereford, granted the cathedral ch of Hereford that the fair of
four days which the bp held would be extended by a further four days (W.W.
Capes trans., The Register of Richard de Swinfield, bishop of Hereford
(A.D. 1283–1317) (Hereford, 1909) p. 48). A fair was recorded in
1167, 1168, 1169 and 1171 (PR, 13 Hen II, p. 76; PR, 14 Hen
II, p. 117; PR, 15 Hen II, p. 142; PR, 17 Hen II, p. 98; PR,
18 Hen II, p. 3). An unspecified number of fairs were recorded in 1170 (PR,
16 Hen II, p. 59). On 6 May 1241, K Hen III extended the fair of Ethelbert,
held by P[eter] bp of Hereford, which had previously been held on the vigil
of Ethelbert from noon until the evening, on the day of Ethelbert and on
the three days following, granting that the length of the fair be extended
for three more days and that if any of the six [sic] days of the
fair was a feast day, that day should not be reckoned. Mandate in pursuance
to the sh of Hereford (CChR, 1226–57, p. 259). Fair held by
the bishop beginning on the vigil of St Ethelbert mentioned in 1241 (CRR,
xvi, no. 1727) Fair of St Ethelbert, held by bp of Hereford, recorded in
1276 (Rev. R.G. Griffiths trans, Registrum Thome de Cantilupo, episcopi
Herefordensis (Cant. and York Soc, London, 1907), p. 93). |
|
F |
(Letter Close) vf, Denys (9 Oct); feria gr 3 Aug 1226, by
K Hen III to men of Hereford. To be held until the king came of age (RLC,
ii, p. 131b). On 23 Mar 1227, K Hen III granted the citizens of Hereford
a fair on f+2 Denys (CChR, 1226–57, p. 25). Letter to sh of
Herefordshire regarding the fair, 26 Mar 1227 (RLC, ii, p. 178b).
In the summer of 1284, a jury stated that the king’s fair on the feast
of Dionisius at Hereford was being damaged by the A of Reading’s fair
on v+3 Michael (29 Sept) at Leominster, Herefordshire
(q.v.). The fair at Leominster was therefore quashed (Abb Plac,
p. 206b). |
|
A fair, the feast of which is not given, was mentioned in 1241
(CRR, xvi, nos. 1718, 1723, 1764). |
| KILPECK 3445 2305. In the 1334 Lay Subsidy, Kilpeck was
one of eighteen places valued together at £130.88 (Glasscock, p. 126). |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 24 Dec 1259, by K Hen III to Robert Walerand (CPR,
1258–66, p. 110). To be held at the manor. |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 14 May 1309, by K Edw II to Alan de Plogenet (CChR,
1300–26, p. 127). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, John before the Latin Gate (6 May); gr 24 Dec 1259,
by K Hen III to Robert Walerand (CPR, 1258–66, p. 110). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Simon and Jude (28 Oct); gr 24 Dec 1259, by K Hen
III to Robert Walerand (CPR, 1258–66, p. 110). To be held at
the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vf+2, Assumption (15 Aug); gr 14 May 1309, by K Edw II
to Alan de Plogenet (CChR, 1300–26, p. 127). To be held at the
manor. |
| LEA 3658 2217. 1334 Subsidy £8.25. |
|
M |
(Charter) Wed; gr 17 Sept 1343, by K Edw III to Gilbert Talbot (CChR,
1341–1417, p. 24). Granted by K Edw III to Richard Talbot on 14 Nov
1347 (CChR, 1341–1417, p. 70). |
|
F |
(Charter) f, Invention of the Cross (3 May); gr 17 Sept 1343,
by K Edw III to Gilbert Talbot. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1341–1417,
p. 24). |
|
F |
(Charter) f, Bartholomew (24 Aug); gr 14 Nov 1347, by K Edw
III to Richard Talbot. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1341–1417,
p. 70). |
| LEDBURY 3713 2377. Borough 1250x88
(BF, p. 123). In the 1334 Lay Subsidy, Ledbury was valued together with
Ledbury foreign and Donnington at £124.94 (Glasscock, p. 129). Market town
c.1600 (Everitt, p. 471). |
|
M |
(Charter) Sun; mercatum, gr 1138, by K Steph to R[obert] bp
of Hereford. To be held at the manor (Regesta, iii, no. 384). On
9 May 1201, a mandate was sent to the sh of Shropshire to cause E bp of
Hereford to have a market on Sun (T.D. Hardy, Rotuli de Liberate ac de
Misis et Praestitis Regnante Johanne (London, 1844) p. 12). Charter
was exemplified on 29 Jan 1335 (CPR, 1354–8, p. 195). The tolls
of 13s. 4d. paid to the bishop in 1404 could relate to this
market, or to the Fri market below (J. O’Donnell, ‘Market Centres
in Herefordshire, 1200–1400’, Transactions of the Woolhope
Naturalists’ Field Club (1971), xl, p. 187). |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; mercatum, gr 27 Apr 1249, by K Hen III to P
bp of Hereford. To be held at the manor. Mandate to the sh of Hereford to
proclaim the market and cause it to be held (CR, 1247–51, p.
156). The tolls of 13s. 4d. paid to the bishop in 1404 could
relate to this market, or to the Sun market above (J. O’Donnell, ‘Market
Centres in Herefordshire, 1200–1400’, Transactions of the Woolhope
Naturalists’ Field Club (1971) xl, p. 187). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) f+7, Peter and Paul (29 Jun); feria gr 1150x54,
by Roger, earl of Hereford to cathedral of Hereford (W.W. Capes trans.,
The Register of Richard de Swinfield, bishop of Hereford (A.D. 1283–1317)
(Hereford, 1909) p. 48). To be held in the town. |
|
F |
(Letter Close) vfm, Decollation of John the Baptist (29 Aug); feria
gr 27 Apr 1249, by K Hen III to P. bp of Hereford (CR, 1247–51,
p. 156). To be held at the manor. Mandate to the sh of Hereford to proclaim
the fair and cause it to be held. |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) Matthew (21 Sept); recorded 1404, held by bp of Hereford
(J. O’Donnell, ‘Market Centres in Herefordshire, 1200–1400’,
Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club (1971)
xl, p. 187). The bishop received 40s. in tolls in this year. |
| LEOMINSTER 3496 2591. Borough 1221
(BF, p. 123). 1334 Subsidy £45.17. Leominster was an ancient minster which
K Hen I granted to Reading abbey; it was established in full conventual
form as a priory dependent on Reading in 1136. Market town c.1600
(Everitt, p. 471). Fair, 1587, 29 Jun (Harrison, p. 394). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) Sun; recorded 16 Mar 1218, mercatum.
Notice to the sh of Herefordshire to let it be known that the day of the
market had changed from Sun to Thurs (RLC, i, p. 355b). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) recorded 1230, mercatum, held by A
of Reading. In 1230, the citizens of Hereford unsuccessfully brought a suit
against the A of Reading, claiming that he had raised a market at Leominster
to the damage of the town of Hereford (q.v.) (CRR,
xiiii, no. 595). Mandates to the sh of Hereford and the justices of the
bench that the Sat market held by the A of Reading, which was prohibited
as it was detrimental to the market at Hereford, would henceforth be held
on Fri, 5 Nov 1237 (CR, 1237–42, pp. 2–3). On 5 Oct 1335,
it was stated that the A and C of Reading had the Fri market at their manor
by charters of previous kings and that henceforth the day of the market
was to be changed to Tues (CChR, 1327–41, p. 342). |
|
F |
(Charter) f+3, Peter and Paul (29 Jun); gr 1100x35, by K
Hen I to ch of St Mary, Reading (Monasticon, iv, p. 42, no. xi).
In 1189x99, K Ric I confirmed to the ch of St Mary, Reading, the fair on
f+3 Peter and Paul, which had been granted by a charter of K Hen I. |
|
F |
(Grant: other) vf+4, Michael (29 Sept); feria gr 1
Nov 1265, by K Hen III to P of Leominster. To be held at the town (B.R.
Kemp, ed. Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden Society, 4th ser. 31,
1986), p. 88; Monasticon, iv, p. 57, no. xii). On 20 May 1282, the
charter was stated to have been restored to the Chancery and cancelled.
In lieu, K Edw I granted a fair on vf+4 Cosmas and Damian (27 Sept) to the
P and C of Leominster to hold at the manor, at the instance of Brother John
Gerard, monk of Reading (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 261). In 1284,
a jury stated that the A of Reading raised a fair on v+3 Michael, which
was detrimental to the king’s fair on the feast of Dionisius (9 Oct)
at Hereford, Herefordshire (q.v.). The fair at
Leominster was therefore quashed (Abb. Plac., p. 206). On 20 Jun
1290, it was stated that whereas K Hen III had granted a fair on vf+4 Michaelmas
to the A and C of Reading to be held at the manor, K Edw I granted that
the fair would henceforth be held on vf+4 Edfrid (4 Jun) (CChR, 1257–1300,
p. 356). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm+3, Philip and James (1 May); gr 3 Jul 1281,
by K Edw I to A and C of Reading (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 253).
To be held at the manor. |
| LYONSHALL 3338 2554. 1334 Subsidy £38.63. |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 4 Jun 1227, by K Hen III to Stephen de Ebroicis
(CChR, 1226–57, p. 42). Order to sh of Herefordshire regarding
the market, 5 Jun 1227 (RLC, ii, p. 188b). |
|
M |
(Charter) Wed; gr 28 Jan 1301, by K Edw I to William Tuschet. To
be held at the manor (CChR, 1300–26, p. 1). Granted by K Edw
II to William Tochet on 21 Aug 1319 (CChR, 1300–26, p. 414). |
|
M |
(Charter) Wed, gr 26 Jun 1384, by K Ric II to Simon de Burley, under-chamberlain
(CChR, 1341–1417, p. 96). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Simon and Jude (28 Oct); gr 4 Jun 1227, by K
Hen III to Stephen de Ebroicis (CChR, 1226–57, p. 42). Order to
sh of Herefordshire regarding the fair, 5 Jun 1227 (RLC, ii, p. 188b). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm+5, Michael (29 Sept); gr 28 Jan 1301, by K Edw I to
William Tuschet. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1300–26, p.
1). On 21 Aug 1319 K Edw II granted William Tochet a fair on vf+3 Michael
(CChR, 1300–26, p. 414). |
|
F |
(Charter) f [lasting four days], Trans of Thomas of Hereford (2 Oct);
gr 26 Jun 1384, by K Ric II to Simon de Burley, under-chamberlain (CChR,
1341–1417, p. 296). The days of the fair are not given. |
|
F |
(Charter) f [lasting four days], Philip and James (1 May); gr 26
Jun 1384 by K Ric II to Simon de Burley, under- chamberlain (CChR,
1341–1417, p. 296). |
| MUCH COWARNE 3619 2471. 1334 Subsidy
£101.94. |
|
M |
(Charter) Thurs; gr 15 May 1255, by K Hen III to Richard Pauncefot.
To be held at the manor (CChR, 1226–57, p. 447). Granted by
K Edw I to Grimbald Pauncefot on 16 Nov 1281 (CChR, 1257–1300,
p. 258). Confirmation of both charters to John Paunefot, kn, kinsman and
heir of Richard Pauncefot and of Grimbald Pauncefot, 5 Nov 1431 (CPR,
1429–36, p. 180). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Michael (29 Sept); gr 15 May 1255, by K Hen III to
Richard Pauncefot. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1226–57, p.
447). Granted by K Edw I to Grimbald Pauncefot on 16 Nov 1281 (CChR,
1257–1300, p. 258). Confirmation of both charters to John Paunefot,
kn, kinsman and heir of Richard Pauncefot and of Grimbald Pauncefot, 5 Nov
1431 (CPR, 1429–36, p. 180). |
| PRESTON UPON WYE 3383 2424. In the
1334 Lay Subsidy, Preston upon Wye was one of ten places valued together
at £99 (Glasscock, p. 127). It is two-thirds of a mile from Ploughfield,
Herefordshire (q.v.). |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 20 Jun 1253, by K Hen III to dean and chapter of
Hereford. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1226–57, p. 435). An
agreement between Peter, bp of Hereford, the chapter of Hereford and the
citizens of Hereford, recorded in Nov 1262, stated that the market was to
remain, either on its current day of Fri, or on Wed (Rev. R.G. Griffiths
trans, Registrum Thome de Cantilupo, episcopi Herefordensis (Cant.
and York Soc, London, 1907), p. 93). |
|
F |
(Charter) vf+2, Lawrence (10 Aug); gr 20 Jun 1253, by K Hen III to
dean and chapter of Hereford (CChR, 1226–57, p. 435). To be
held at the manor. |
| RICHARDS CASTLE 3495 2695. Borough 1304 (BF, p. 123). In the
1334 Lay Subsidy, Richard’s Castle was one of nine places valued together
at £171 (Glasscock, p. 130). |
|
M |
(Letter Close) Thurs; mercatum, gr 12 Aug 1216, by K John
to Robert de Mortuo Mari (RLC, i, p. 281). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Letter Close) Audoenus [Ouen] (24 Aug); feria gr 12 Aug 1216,
by K John to Robert de Mortuo Mari. To be held at the manor. The days on
which the fair was to be held were not given (RLC, i, p. 281). On
1 Mar 1375, toll of a market day on feast of St Bartholomew (24 Aug) was
recorded, held by John Talbot of Richards Castle, kn, lately deceased (CIPM,
xiv, no. 213). This may indicate that a fair on 24 Aug continued at this
time. |
| ROSS ON WYE 3598 2241. Borough 1250x88
(BF, p. 123). 1334 Subsidy £51.25. Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p.
471). Fair 1587, Thurs after Trinity Sunday (Harrison, p. 394). |
|
M |
(Charter) Thurs; mercatum, gr 1138 by K Steph to Robert bp
of Hereford. To be held at the manor (Regesta, iii, no. 385). Thurs
market granted to P bp of Hereford by K Hen III on 26 Jan 1241, to be held
at the manor (CChR, 1226–57, p. 256). The charter was exemplified
on 29 Jan 1335 (CPR, 1354–8, p. 195). |
|
M |
(Grant: other) Tues; mercatum, gr 4 Oct 1218, by K Hen III
to bp of Hereford. To be held at the manor. Mandate to the sh of Herefordshire
to cause him to have it (C 60/9 m. 2). Nova Oblata: he owed 5m.
(PR, 2 Hen III, p. 92). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Margaret (20 Jul); gr 26 Jan 1241, by K Hen III to
P bp of Hereford (CChR, 1226–57, p. 256). To be held at the
manor. |
| WILTON 3587 2242. In the 1334 Lay Subsidy,
Wilton was one of eighteen places valued together at £130.88 (Glasscock,
p. 126). |
|
M |
(Letter Close) Tues; mercatum, gr 26 Sept 1205, by K John
to Henry de Long Campo. Notice to the sh of Herefordshire (RLC, i,
p. 51). Granted by K Hen III to Henry de Longo Campo on 8 Sept 1231. Mandate
to sh of Herefordshire to proclaim the market and cause it to be held (CR,
1227–31, p. 556). |
|
M |
(Charter) gr 1257, by K Hen III to Reginald de Grey (CChR,
1226–57, p. 477). To be held at the manor. The roll is damaged and
some details are missing. |
|
F |
(Letter Close) vfm, Decollation of John the Baptist (29 Aug); feria
gr 8 Sept 1231, by K Hen III to Henry de Longo Campo (CR, 1227–31,
p. 556). To be held at the manor. Mandate to sh of Herefordshire to proclaim
the fair and cause it to be held. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Decollation of John the Baptist (29 Aug); gr 1257,
by K Hen III to Reginald de Grey (CChR, 1226–57, p. 477). To
be held at the manor. The roll is damaged and some details are missing. |