The concept of 'Agricultural Enlightenment' is relatively new. Historians of the countryside employ it in order to draw attention to the role played by knowledge production, diffusion and adoption in the modernisation of Europe's agrarian economy (c. 1750-1820). This communication is based on the first book-length study to be devoted to the subject. It covers the new economic discourses of the eighteenth century; the vectors and agents of knowledge transmission; emulation and innovation; technology and science in agriculture; landscape and habitat planning.