| ABINGDON 4497 1972.
Borough 1225 (BF, p. 67). 1334 Subsidy £268.97. Benedictine abbey from the
seventh century, refounded in the tenth. In 1086, Domesday Book notes ten
traders (mercatores) in front of the church door, owing 40d.
(Darby, p. 369). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 473). Fair 1587,
Ash Wednesday (Harrison, p. 393). See also VCH Berkshire, iv, pp.
437–41. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) recorded 1127, when
held by the ch, A Vincent and M of Abingdon. K Hen I notified the bp of
Salisbury and the sh of Berkshire that he had confirmed the market at Abingdon
to the ch of Abingdon, A Vincent and the M (Regesta, ii, no. 1478).
Abingdon Abbey had an earlier and more general right
to hold markets in connection with shipping on the river Thames: between
1107 and 1110 K Hen I commanded that the church and monks should have their
customs in passing boats, namely in receiving herring (presumably as toll)
and in making markets (in mercatis faciendis), as in the time of
Edward the Confessor, Wil I and Wil II (Regesta, ii, no. 937).
In 1139x54, K Steph confirmed the market to the ch of Abingdon, A Ingulfus
and the M (Regesta, iii, no. 5). Between Jan–Mar 1159, K Hen
II gave notification that the A of Abingdon was to hold the market as in
the time of K Hen I (C.F. Slade and G. Lambrick ed., Two Cartularies
of Abingdon Abbey, Oxford Historical Society, new series, xxxii (Oxford,
1990), i, p. 61). A long- running dispute with the men of Wallingford,
Berkshire (q.v.) is evidenced between 1159–1189. It was alleged
that the A of Abingdon had enlarged his market, which during the reign of
K Hen I had sold just bread and ale. K Hen II eventually decided that Abingdon
had the right to hold a market (J. Stevenson ed., Chronicon Monasterii
de Abingdon, Rolls Series, ii (London, 1858), ii, pp. 227–9). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) nundinae recorded 29 Aug 1249 (CR, 1247–51,
p. 198). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm+5, Trans of Edmund (9 Jun); gr 8 Jun 1290, by K Edw
I to A and C of Abingdon. To be held at their chapel of St Edmund the bishop,
in the town of Abingdon (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 353). |
| ALDERMASTON 4596 1650. Borough 1299
(BF, p. 67). 1334 Subsidy £110. The manor passed from the Achard family
to the de la Mare family c.1361 (VCH Berkshire, iii, pp. 388–9).
See also VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 388. |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 11 Sept 1292, by K Edw I to Robert Achard. To be
held at the manor (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 424). On 10 May 1403,
K Hen IV inspected and confirmed the charter of K Edw I granting a market
to Robert Achard. It was confirmed to Thomas de la Mare, kinsman and heir
of Robert Achard (CPR, 1401–5, p. 223). The market was held
until the nineteenth century (VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 388). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Trans of Thomas the Martyr (7 Jul); gr 11 Sept 1292,
by K Edw I to Robert Achard. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1257–1300,
p. 424). On 10 May 1403, K Hen IV inspected and confirmed the charter of
K Edw I granting a fair to Robert Achard. It was confirmed to Thomas de
la Mare, kinsman and heir of Robert Achard (CPR, 1401–5, p.
223). Fair held until the nineteenth century (VCH Berkshire, iii,
p. 388). |
| BASILDON 4612 1793. 1334 Subsidy £101.42. See also VCH
Berkshire, iii, p. 458. |
|
M |
(Charter) Mon; gr 22 Jun 1309, by K Edw II to Thomas le Botiller
(CChR, 1300–26, p. 129). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Barnabas (11 Jun); gr 22 Jun 1309, by K Edw II to
Thomas le Botiller (CChR, 1300–26, p. 129). To be held at the
manor. A market and fair held at the manor are mentioned in the eighteenth
century (VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 458). It is not clear whether this
is the same market and fair. |
| BAULKING 4317 1906. 1334 Subsidy £68.69.
VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 544. |
|
M |
(Letter Close) Thurs; mercatum, gr 23 Sept 1218, by K Hen
III to Henry son of Gerold. Mandate to the sh of Berkshire to cause Henry
son of Gerold to have the market (RLC, i, p. 370). Mandate to the
sh of Berkshire that the day of Henry son of Gerold’s market was henceforth
to be changed from Thurs to Tues, dated 18 Jan 1219 (RLC, i, p. 386). |
|
M |
(Charter) Tues; mercatum, gr 15 Jun 1254, by K Hen III to
Warin son of Gerold (Roles Gascons, 1242–54, no. 3799; CPR,
1247–58, p. 307). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Trans of Nicholas in May (9 May); feria gr
15 Jun 1254, by K Hen III to Warin son of Gerold (Roles Gascons,
1242–54, no. 3799; CPR, 1247–58, p. 307). To be held at
the manor. |
| CATMORE 4453 1803. 1334 Subsidy £22.50. See also VCH
Berkshire, iv, pp. 9–10. |
|
M |
(Charter) Mon; gr 16 Oct 1306, by K Edw I to Rogo Gascelyn (CChR,
1300–26, p. 70). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Margaret (20 Jul); gr 16 Oct 1306, by K Edw I to Rogo
Gascelyn. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1300–26, p. 70). The
fair had fallen into disuse by the late eighteenth century (VCH Berkshire,
iv, p. 9). |
| COOKHAM 4896 1855. Borough 1225 (BF,
p. 67). 1334 Subsidy £136. An important early estate centre and minster
belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury as described as urbs in
the 490s (N. Brooks, The Early History of the Church of Canterbury
(Leicester, 1984), pp. 103–4; J. Blair, ‘The minsters of the Thames’
in J. Blair and B. Golding eds., The Cloister and the World (Oxford,
1996), pp. 5–28). See also VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 125. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) recorded 1086, mercatum. Of the new
market ... 20s. (Darby, p. 369). |
|
VCH states that fairs were held on 16 May and 11 Oct,
but gives no dates for their operation, other than that they fell into disuse
in the nineteenth century (VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 125). |
| EAST HENDRED 4460 1888. 1334 Subsidy
£85.35. East Hendred was transferred from Berkshire to Oxfordshire in 1974
(Guide, i, p. 19). |
|
M |
(Grant: other) Tues; gr 1415, by K Hen V to P of Sheen (VCH Berkshire,
iv, p. 296). The market never flourished. |
|
F |
(Grant: other) day+vfm St Augustine (26 May); gr 1415, by K Hen V to P of Sheen (VCH Berkshire,
iv, p. 296). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) day+vfm St Katherine the Virgin (25 Nov); gr 1415, by K Hen V to P of Sheen (VCH Berkshire,
iv, p. 296). |
| EAST ILSLEY 4489 1812. By the mid
thirteenth century, the manor passed from Sewat de Osevill to Ralph de St
Amand, father of Amaury de St Amand. East Ilsley was also known as Chipping
Ilsley in the late thirteenth and fifteenth centuries and as Market Ilsley
in the mid seventeenth century (VCH Berkshire, iv, pp. 1, 25, 28,
242–3; M. Gelling ed., The Place Names of Berkshire, ii (Cambridge,
1974), p. 503). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 473). See also VCH
Berkshire, iv, pp. 1, 25, 28, 242–3. |
|
M |
(Grant: other) Tues; mercatum, gr 17 Mar 1222, by
K Hen III to Sewat de Osevill. Sewat gave one palfrey for the market at
‘Hildest’, to be held until the king came of age (C 60/16 m. 6).
In 1276, Almeric de Sancto Amando claimed a Tues market by charter of K
Hen III. The market was alleged to be damaging the King’s market at
Wallingford, Berkshire (q.v.) (RH, i, p.
18). |
| FARINGDON 4288 1957. Borough 1225 (BF, supplement, p. 61).
1334 Subsidy £155.97. Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 473). See also
VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 492. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) recorded 7 Mar 1218, mercatum. On
7 Mar 1218, K Hen III ordered the sh of Berkshire to ensure that the market
was henceforth held on Mon (RLC, i, p. 354). This was probably an
order to change the day of an existing market; although the previous day
of the market was not stated, it was very likely Sun. On 18 Feb 1313, it
was stated that whereas the A and M of Beaulieu had from a long time past
had by grant of the king’s predecessors a Mon market at their manor,
the A, M and burgesses of the town had petitioned that the day be changed
to Tues, which the king granted in lieu (CChR, 1300–26, p. 203).
Another licence for a change to Tues was obtained in 1594 (VCH Berkshire,
iv, p. 492). |
|
F |
(Letter Close) vf, Luke the Evangelist (18 Oct); feria gr
26 Jan 1222, by K Hen III to A of Beaulieu. To be held at the manor until
the king came of age (RLC, i, p. 486). Granted by K Hen III to the
A and M of Beaulieu on 20 Sept 1227 (CChR, 1226–57, p. 60). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) v, Trinity Sunday (Easter dep); recorded 1260 (VCH
Berkshire, iv, p. 492). |
| HUNGERFORD 4333 1686. Borough c.1170
(BF, p. 68). 1334 Subsidy £151.03. Town developed after the Norman Conquest
(Beresford, p. 395). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 473). Fair 1587,
10 Aug (Harrison, p. 395). See also VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 187. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) recorded 3 Jul 1297, held by Edmund, the
king’s brother [earl of Lancaster] lately deceased (CIPM, iii,
no. 423). On 12 May 1361, a market was held by Henry, duke of Lancaster,
lately deceased (CIPM, xi, no. 118). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) recorded 12 May 1361, held by Henry, duke of Lancaster,
lately deceased (CIPM, ix, no. 118). |
| KINGSTON LISLE 4326
1876. 1334 Subsidy £54.22. Kingston Lisle was transferred from Berkshire
to Oxfordshire in 1974 (Guide, i, p. 20). See also VCH Berkshire,
iv, p. 314. |
|
M |
(Charter) Thurs; gr 1227x72, by K Hen III to Warin fitz Gerold (VCH
Berkshire, iv, p. 315). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, John the Baptist (24 Jun); gr 1227x72, by K Hen III
to Warin fitz Gerold (VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 315). To be held at the
manor. |
| KINTBURY 4383 1670. 1334 Subsidy £42.30.
The Benedictine nunnery founded here after 1147 by the earl of Leicester
was moved to Nuneaton, Warwickshire (q.v.)
c.1155. See also VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 207. |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 28 Nov 1267, by K Hen III to Ps and N of Sheftesbyre
(CChR, 1257–1300, p. 85). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Nativity of Mary (8 Sept); gr 28 Nov 1267, by K Hen
III to Ps and N of Sheftesbyre (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 85). To
be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Simon and Jude (28 Oct); gr 28 Nov 1267, by K Hen
III to Ps and N of Sheftesbyre (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 85). To
be held at the manor. |
| LAMBOURN 4326 1790.
Borough 1225 (BF, p. 68). 1334 Subsidy £112.24. A market probably existed
in the Anglo-Saxon period (VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 251). Described
as Chipping Lambourn in 1227 and through to the mid eighteenth century (M.
Gelling ed., The Place Names of Berkshire, ii (Cambridge, 1974),
p. 333). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 473). See also VCH Berkshire,
iv, pp. 251–2. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) recorded 5 May 1284, held by William
Plokenet (CIPM, vi, no. 191). The market is mentioned as part of
the property of the recently deceased William Plokenet in Sept 1361 (CIPM,
xi, no. 163). |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 8 Mar 1446, by K Hen VI to Thomas Liseux,
dean of the cathedral ch of St Paul’s, London, parson or impropriator
of the ch of Chepynglamburn (CChR, 1427–1516, p. 56). A Fri
market was held until the nineteenth century (VCH Berkshire, iv,
pp. 251–2). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) vf, Matthew the Evangelist (21 Sept); feria
gr between 21 and 24 Oct 1219, by K Hen III to Fulk fitz Warren. To be held
at the manor. Mandate to the sh of Berkshire to cause him to have it (C
60/9 m. 1). Nova Oblata: he owed one palfrey (PR, 3 Hen III,
pp. xx, 115, 162; PR, 4 Hen III, p. 187). For the confusion of this
entry with Writtle, Essex (q.v.), see
PR, 3 Hen III, p. xx. Fair on vfm Matthew (21 Sept) granted by charter
by K Hen IIInto Fulk fitz Warren on 3 Sept 1227 (CChR, 1226–57,
p. 58). Order to sh of Berkshire regarding the fair, 1 Sept 1227 (RLC,
ii, p. 199). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Philip and James (1 May); gr 8 Mar 1446, by
K Hen VI to Thomas Liseux, dean of the cathedral ch of St Paul’s, London,
parson or impropriator of the ch of Chepynglamburn (CChR, 1427–1516,
p. 56). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Clement the Pope (23 Nov); gr 8 Mar 1446,
by K Hen VI to Thomas Liseux, dean of the cathedral ch of St Paul’s,
London, parson or impropriator of the ch of Chepynglamburn (CChR,
1427–1516, p. 56). |
| MARSH BENHAM 4426 1674. 1334 Subsidy
£102.36. The value for the 1334 Lay Subsidy relates to Benham Valence,
which is identified by Glasscock as Marsh Benham (Glasscock, p. 10). As
the location of the market within the Benham estate is unknown, the grid
references are given to Marsh Benham, which is currently the largest settlement. |
|
M |
(Grant: other); mercatum, gr 1200, by K John to Hugh
de Nevill. Nova Oblata, in 1200, Hugh de Nevill owed one palfrey
for having a market at an unidentified place in Berkshire (PR, 2
John, p. 188). He had not paid this at Easter 1208 (PR, 3 John, p.
199; Chancellor’s Roll, 3 John, p. 261; PR, 5 John, pp.
162–3; PR, 9 John, p. 186; R.A. Brown ed., The Memoranda
Roll for the Tenth Year of King John, Pipe Roll Society ns 31 (London,
1957), p. 24). Each reference to Hugh’s debt was made under, or near
to, a section in the relevant record headed ‘pleas of the forest’,
confirming that this was the Hugh de Nevill from the family of royal foresters.
None of the records of Hugh’s debt identify the location of his market
within Berkshire. There is only one reference to Hugh de Nevill in the index
of VCH Berkshire, which notes that at the beginning of the thirteenth
century he held an estate called Benham, lately held by Hugh Wake (VCH
Berkshire, iv, p. 104). King John granted Hugh de Nevill the lands and
the heir of Hugh Wake on 14 Oct 1199; presumably this included Benham (RCh,
p. 27). Hugh de Nevill was holding the Benham estate in 1210 and 1212. It
subsequently passed back to the Wake family until 1251, when it was granted
to William de Valence. Henceforth the estate became known as Benham Valence
(VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 102). VCH does not record the grant
of the market and provides no further evidence for trading taking place
on this estate. However, there is no other evidence for Hugh’s holdings
within the county and a strong correlation between the date on which he
was granted Benham and the first evidence of the grant of the market. It
therefore seems likely that Hugh’s market was to be held at the Benham
estate. As there is no subsequent evidence for the market, it is possible
that it was not set up, or that it failed to thrive due to the proximity
of nearby markets such as Hungerford and Newbury, Berkshire (q.v.). |
| NEWBURY 4470 1672. Borough 1189x1217 (BF,
p. 68). 1334 Subsidy £412.13. A new town which grew up on the main road
between Southampton and Oxford. K Hen II forbade the men of Newbury to interfere
with the market at Thatcham, Berkshire (q.v.)
(VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 312). Market town c.1600 (Everitt,
p. 473). Fair 1587, Thurs after Trinity Sunday; 29 Sept (Harrison, pp. 394,
396). See also VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 136. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) recorded c.1204, held by the
count of Perche. The count of Perche’s estates had been forfeited as
Terra Normannorum; he received £8 from the market. In 1228, the men
of Andover were granted liberties in the Newbury market (VCH Berkshire,
iv, p. 136). The toll of the market belonged to Edmund de Mortuo Mari on
25 Jul 1304 (CIPM, iv, no. 235). |
|
F |
(Charter) fm, Bartholomew (24 Aug); feria gr 7 Jul
1215, by K John to hospital and brothers of St Bartholomew of Newbury. Order
to the sh of Berkshire, dated 7 Jul 1215 (RLC, i, p. 219b). Fair
continued in the twentieth century (VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 148). |
| READING 4715 1735. Borough 1086 (BF, p. 68; Darby, p. 364).
Mint 1042–66. 1334 Subsidy £293.06. Site of nunnery in the tenth century,
probably destroyed in 1006. The later Benedictine abbey and royal burial
place was founded in 1121. Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 473).
Fair 1587, 1 May; 24 Jun; 25 Jul (Harrison, pp. 393–5). See also VCH
Berkshire, iii, p. 342. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough, mint) recorded 19 Jun 1253, mercatum,
held by A of Reading. Mandate to the sh of Berkshire not to allow the A
of Reading to move the market of the town from the place where formerly
it was accustomed to be held (CR, 1251–3, p. 374). Market probably
held on Sat (VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 350). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) f+3, Laurence (10 Aug); gr c.1129x33, by K
Hen I to A and M of St Mary’s, Reading (Regesta, ii, no. 1864).
K Hen II confirmed the fair to the M of Reading in 1156–7 (Actes
de Henri II, i, p. 133). Fair fell into disuse by the mid fifteenth
century, possibly as early as the late thirteenth century (VCH Berkshire,
iii, p. 350). |
|
F |
(Charter) f+3, James (25 Jul); feria gr 1100x35, by K Hen
I to M of Reading (Monasticon, iv, p. 42 no. xi). In 1154x89, K Hen
II granted the ch of Reading and the M a fair on f+3 James the apostle in
the month of Jul (Monasticon, iv, p. 42 no. x). In 1189x99, K Ric
I granted the M of Reading a fair on f+3 James, just as they had it in a
charter of K Hen I (Monasticon, iv, p. 42 no. xi). The fair was still
held at the time of the dissolution of the abbey (VCH Berkshire,
iii, p. 355). |
|
F |
(Charter) vf+2, Philip and James the Apostles (1 May); feria
gr 1 May 1205, by K John to ch of St Mary of Reading, A Elias and the M
(RCh, p. 148). The fair was still held at the time of the dissolution
of the abbey (VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 355). |
| SHELLINGFORD 4319 1935. 1334 Subsidy £73.25. See also VCH
Berkshire, iv, pp. 267–8, 476. |
|
F |
F (Grant: other) vf+2 Holy Cross (14 Sept or
13 May), 1203-4 by K John to earl of Albemarle (Rotuli de Liberate ac
de Misis et Prestis regnante Johanne, ed. T.D. Hardy (London, 1844),
p. 57). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) feria recorded 1212, held by A of Abingdon
(CRR, vi, pp. 232, 296). In 1212, the earl of Albermarle claimed
that the A of Abingdon’s fair was to the detriment of his fair at Wantage,
Berkshire (q.v.). The A of Abingdon claimed that he did not have
a fair, but a wake which his predecessors had held since the conquest of
England (CRR, vi, pp. 232, 296–7). On 9 Sept 1221, K Hen III
granted the A of Abingdon that the fair which had been held at the manor
in K John’s reign for two days, vf Faith (6 Oct), could be held for
those two days until he came of age. Notice to sh of Berkshire (RLC,
i, p. 469b). In 1224, the A of Abingdon agreed to end his fair at Shellingford
to the benefit of that at Wantage (VCH Berkshire, iv, pp. 267–8). |
| SHRIVENHAM 4241 1891. 1334 Subsidy
£62.63. In the Lay Subsidy of 1334, Shrivenham was assessed in two parts:
at a tenth, which was valued at £36.88 and at a fifteenth, which was valued
at £25.75, making a total of £62.63 (Glasscock, p. 10). The manor passed
from the Valence family, through Elizabeth Hastings to Richard Talbot. See
also VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 532. |
|
M |
(Charter) Thurs; gr 8 Jul 1257, by K Hen III to William de Valence,
the king’s brother (CChR, 1226–57, p. 471); conf 7 Mar
1383 by K Ric II to Richard de Talbot, kn (CPR, 1381–85, pp.
232–3). Market fell into disuse before the late eighteenth century
(VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 532). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Mary Magdalen (22 Jul); gr 8 Jul 1257, by K Hen III
to William de Valence, the king’s brother (CChR, 1226–57,
p. 471); conf 7 Mar 1383 by K Ric II to Richard de Talbot, kn (CPR,
1381–85, pp. 232–3). To be held at the manor. |
| STANFORD IN THE VALE 4342 1935. 1334
Subsidy £119.83. See also VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 479. |
|
M |
(Charter) Thurs; gr 18 Apr 1230, by K Hen III to William de Ferrers,
earl of Derby (CChR, 1226–57, p. 118). Mandate to the sh of
Berkshire to publicise the market and to cause it to be established, 19
Apr 1230 (CR, 1227–31, p. 331). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Denis (9 Oct); gr 18 Apr 1230, by K Hen III to William
de Ferrers, earl of Derby (CChR, 1226–57, p. 118). Mandate to
the sh of Berkshire to publicise the fair and to cause it to be established,
19 Apr 1230 (CR, 1227–31, p. 331). |
| THATCHAM 4516 1672. Borough 1306 (BF, p. 68). 1334 Subsidy
£31.98. Pre-Conquest royal estate centre, granted to Reading abbey by K
Hen I in 1125. See also VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 312. |
|
M |
(Charter) Sun; gr 1100x35, by K Hen I to M of Reading (Monasticon,
iv, p. 42 no. xi). In 1153–5, Henry duke of Aquitaine ordered the men
of Berkshire to go to the A of Reading’s market, just as in the time
of K Hen I, or face a fine of £10 (Regesta, iii, no. 710). In 1173x88,
K Hen II confirmed to the M of Reading the right to hold a Sun market, which
they had had in the time of K Hen I (B.R. Kemp ed., Reading Abbey Cartularies,
ii, Camden Society, fourth series, 33 (London, 1987), no. 1112). K Hen II
also forbade the men of Newbury, Berkshire (q.v.)
to interfere with the market (VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 312). In 1189x99,
K Ric I granted the M of Reading a Sun market (forum) in the town,
just as it had been granted in a charter of K Hen I (Monasticon,
iv, p. 42 no. xi). On 16 Mar 1218, the sh of Berkshire was ordered to change
the day of the market to Thurs (RLC, i, p. 355b). At the time of
the dissolution of Reading abbey, the market was said to have no value (VCH
Berkshire, iii, p. 312). |
|
F |
(Letter Close) vf, Trans of Thomas the Martyr (7 Jul); feria
gr 29 Jan 1222, by K Hen III to A of Reading. To be held at the manor until
the king came of age (RLC, i, p 486b). The fair was recorded at the
time of the dissolution of Reading abbey, when it was said to have no value
(VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 312). |
| WALLINGFORD 4607 1893. Borough early
tenth century (Defence, pp. 219–20). Mint 924–39 – 1135.
1334 Subsidy £96.24. An important centre of defence and commerce on the
river Thames from the late ninth or early tenth century. Borough in Domesday
Book. Subsequently overshadowed by Oxford and
Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire (q.v.).
Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 473). Fair 1587, 5 Apr (Harrison,
p. 393). See also VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 532. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough, mint) Sat; recorded 1086, mercatum
(Darby, p. 369). Market recorded 1155, when K Hen II prohibited that at
Crowmarsh Giffard, Oxfordshire (q.v.)
(CChR, 1257–1300, p. 68). The market was held on Sun in the
reign of K Hen II (J. Stevenson ed., Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon
Rolls Series, ii (London, 1858) p. 227). A long-running dispute with the
A of Abingdon over his market at Abingdon, Berkshire
(q.v.) is evidenced from the reign of K Hen II (VCH Berkshire,
iii, p. 533). Market recorded in 1207 and 1214 (PR, 9 John, p. 186,
PR, 16 John, p. 49). On 26 Oct 1214, the market was alleged to be
damaged by that at Crowmarsh Giffard. It was described by K John as his
own market (RLC, i, p. 175). On 28 Jul 1218, the sh of Berkshire
was ordered to proclaim the change of market day from Sun to Mon (RLC,
i, p. 366b). A legal case alleging that the town was damaged by the market
at Crowmarsh Giffard was postponed in Nov 1229 (CR, 1227–31,
p. 265). There were further complaints regarding Crowmarsh Giffard market
in 1234 (VCH Berkshire, iii, pp. 533–4). In 1276, the king’s
market at Wallingford was being damaged by the market at East
Ilsley, Berkshire (q.v.) (RH, i, p. 18). In the thirteenth
century, there was a corn market and a fish market at Wallingford (VCH
Berkshire, iii, pp. 533–4). |
|
F |
(Letter Close) Fri in Pentecost week+3 (Easter dep); feria
gr 28 Mar 1205, by K John. Notice to the sh of Oxford to establish the fair
(RLC, i, p. 24b). A fair, the feast of which was not given, was noted
in 1221 (CRR, x, p. 200). On 4 Jun 1227, a fair, the feast of which
was not given, was said to be damaged by that held at Swyncombe,
Oxfordshire (q.v.) on vfm Botolph (17 Jun), which was therefore prohibited
(RLC, ii, p. 188b). |
|
F |
(Charter) f, Nativity of John the Baptist (24 Jun); gr 15 Nov 1499,
by K Hen VII to mayor, burgesses and inhabitants of Wallingford (CChR,
1427–1516, p. 273). To be held at the town. |
|
F |
(Charter) f, Nicholas the bp and confessor (6 Dec); gr 15 Nov 1499,
by K Hen VII to mayor, burgesses and inhabitants of Wallingford (CChR,
1427–1516, p. 273). To be held at the town. |
| WANTAGE 4397 1879. 1334 Subsidy £75.63.
Royal manor in K Alfred’s will. Manor remained royal demesne until
K Ric I granted it to the earl of Aumale. Through the earl’s daughter,
it passed to William Marshall the younger (d. 1231) in 1214. Between 1214
and 1219, it is possible that the manor was also adminstered by William
Marshall the elder (d. 1219). William Marshall granted the manor to the
fitz Warin family before 1219 (VCH Berkshire, iv, pp. 320–1;
QW, p. 81; CRR, vii, p. 148). Market town c.1600 (Everitt,
p. 473). See also VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 320. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive) recorded in 1203-4, when K John
allowed the earl of Aumale to change the market at Wantage (Wanteting)
from Sunday to Monday (Rotuli de Liberate ac de Misis et Prestis regnante
Johanne, ed. T.D. Hardy (London, 1844), p. 57). In 1284 held by Fulk
fitz Warin, who in 1285 received a licence to set up booths in his
weekly market, pulled down by the justices on the last eyre in Berkshire,
on a presentment by some rivals that they had been erected after a previous
eyre in the time of Henry III (CPR, 1281–92, p. 181). The previous
eyre was held in Oct and Nov 1284 (D. Crook, Records of the General Eyre
(London, 1982), p. 163). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) feria recorded 1212, held by earl of Albermarle
[Aumale], who stated that he had it of the king’s gift. The earl claimed
that it was being damaged by the fair of the A of Abingdon at Shellingford,
Berkshire (q.v.) (CRR, vi, pp. 232, 296–7). The earl
may have been granted the fair when he received the manor, that is, by 1199.
In 1214, William Marescallus, who had acquired the manor, was holding a
fair at Wantage, which he stated that the king had conceded to him. He brought
a case against the A of Bello Loco, alleging that the A had obstructed his
fair (CRR, vii, p. 148). In a letter dated 28 Jul 1217, K Hen III
informed the sh of Berkshire that he had conceded to Alan fitz Warin a fair
at Wantage, just as a it had previously been granted to Alan’s father
by W. Marshall, ‘our keeper and the keeper of our kingdom’. The
sh was ordered to cause Alan to have the fair without delay (RLC,
i, p. 317b). In 1224, Fulk fitz Warin protected his fair at Wantage through
an agreement with the A of Abingdon, by which the latter’s fair at
Shellingford, Berkshire (q.v.) was closed. The
fair at Shellingford had been held on vf Faith (6 Oct) (VCH Berkshire,
iv, pp. 267–8). A fair was being held by William son of Warin in Feb
1235 (CRR, xv, no. 1488). On 27 Apr 1273, it was stated that a fair
had been held at Wantage on the feast of Faith (6 Oct) 1250 (CIPM,
ii, no. 37). This may well have been the date of the fair recorded since
1212, although it is possible that it was a second fair. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Trans of Thomas the Martyr (7 Jul); gr 30 May 1246,
by K Hen III to Fulk son of Warin (CChR, 1226–57, p. 294). To
be held at the manor. In 1276, it was alleged that Fulk fitz Warin had used
violence to compel people to attend his fair at Wantage (VCH Berkshire,
iv, p. 476). The date of the fair was not given. |
| WARGRAVE 4790 1785. Borough 1225 (BF,
p. 69). 1334 Subsidy £315. See also VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 192. |
|
M |
(Letter Close) Mon; mercatum, gr between 3 and 15 Jun 1218,
by K Hen III to P[eter] bp of Winchester. To be held at the manor (RLC,
i, p. 363b). On 5 May 1227, sh of Berkshire was ordered to publicise and
cause to be held the market of P[eter] bp of Winchester, which was to be
held just as it was before the King prohibited all markets raised since
his first coronation (RLC, ii, p. 185). There is no record of the
market later than the thirteenth century (VCH Berkshire, iii, p.
192). |
| WICKHAM 4395 1715. 1334 Subsidy £4.86.
A hamlet of the manor of Welford, held by the abbey of Abingdon from the
tenth century until the Dissolution (VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 117).
See also VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 122. |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) nundinae recorded 1276, held by K Edw I (RH,
i, pp. 13, 17). The king’s fair is mentioned in 1276. Before then,
Walter Giffard, rector of Wickham church, had a liberty there in a defined
stretch of land, where presumably he rather than the king was able to collect
revenues. |
| WINDSOR 4968 1768. Borough 1131 (BF,
p. 68). 1334 Subsidy £114.46. William the Conqueror began the construction
of a new royal castle here by 1087. Settlement grew up around the castle,
shifting the focus of urban development away from Old Windsor, Berkshire (q.v.) (Beresford, p. 395). Market
town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 473). Fair 1587, 24 Jun; 13 Oct (Harrison,
pp. 394, 396). See also VCH Berkshire, iii, p. 56. |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough). No further evidence for the market. |
|
F |
(Letter Close) vf+2, George (23 Apr); gr 1350, by K Edw III
(CCR, 1349–54, p. 225). To be held at the town. Mandate to the
sh of Berkshire to proclaim the fair. The date of the grant is missing on
the roll. |
|
F |
(Letter Close) vf+3, Midsummer (24 Jun); gr 1350, by K Edw
III (CCR, 1349–54, p. 225). To be held at the town. Mandate
to the sh of Berkshire to proclaim the fair. The date of the grant is missing
on the roll. |
|
F |
(Letter Patent) f, Edward, king and confessor (13 Oct); gr
22 Sept 1466, by K Edw IV to Edmund Pury, now mayor, Thomas Sherman and
William Stephen, bailiffs and the burgesses and inhabitants of the town
(CPR, 1461–67, p. 551). To be held in the town. |
| WOKINGHAM 4815 1688. 1334 Subsidy £67.25.
Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 473). Fair 1587, 11 Jun (Harrison,
p. 394). See also VCH Berkshire, iii, pp. 227–8. |
|
M |
(Letter Close) Tues; mercatum, gr 15 Dec 1218, by
K Hen III to bp of Salisbury. To be held at the manor until the king came
of age. The letter close was cancelled ‘because on the fine roll’
(RLC, i, p. 385). On 2 Jan 1219, the bp of Salisbury gave one palfrey
for a Tues market at the manor, until the king came of age (C 60/9 m. 10).
1219, Nova Oblata: R. bp of Salisbury owed one palfrey for a Tues
market, to be held at his manor, until the king came of age (PR,
3 Hen III, p. 162). Sh of Berkshire ordered to exempt R. bp of Salisbury’s
market at the manor from a general prohibition of markets and fairs raised
during the minority, 5 Mar 1227 (RLC, ii, p. 174). Market granted
by charter by K Hen III to the ch of St Mary of New Salisbury and Richard
the bp on 20 Mar 1227. To be held at the bp’s manor of Sunning in Wokingham
(CChR, 1226–57, p. 25). On 11 Aug 1339, K Edw III confirmed
this charter (CPR, 1338–40, p. 311). The market appears to have
survived into at least the sixteenth century. It was discontinued, but re-established
in 1886, from which time it continued into the twentieth century (VCH
Berkshire, iii, pp. 227–8). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Barnabas (11 Jun); gr 17 Apr 1258, by K Hen
III to Giles, bp of Salisbury (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 5). To be
held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, All Saints (1 Nov); gr 17 Apr 1258, by K Hen
III to Giles, bp of Salisbury (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 5). To be
held at the manor. |
| YATTENDON 4554 1745. 1334 Subsidy £48.80. In 1315, the manor
passed from the Yattendon family to Osbert Clinton and then to John de la
Beche (VCH Berkshire, iv, p. 126). See also VCH Berkshire,
iv, p. 126. |
|
M |
(Charter) Tues; gr 2 Feb 1258, by K Hen III to Peter de Etyngden
(CChR, 1257–1300, p. 3). Granted by K Edw II to John de la Beche
on 9 Nov 1318 (CChR, 1300–26, p. 392). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Nicholas (6 Dec); gr 2 Feb 1258, by K Hen
III to Peter de Etyngden (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 3). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Peter and Paul (29 Jun); gr 9 Nov 1318, by
K Edw II to John de la Beche (CChR, 1300–26, p. 392). To be
held at the manor. |