| BODMIN
2072 670. Borough 1086 (Alecto Historical Editions, The Cornwall Domesday
(London, 1988), p. 8, f. 120v). 1334 Subsidy £200. A monastic or clerical
settlement associated with the cult of St Petroc, possibly from before 800
but otherwise from the tenth century (L. Olson, Early Monasteries in
Cornwall (Woodbridge, 1989), pp. 66–78). The ch was well endowed
with lands by 1066. Domesday Book and the Exon Summaries record 68 houses
or burgesses and a market belonging to St Petroc at Bodmin, which was evidently
a small town by 1086. The borough is next recorded in 1201. Augustinian
canons were established at the ch c.1124 (Alecto Historical Editions,
The Cornwall Domesday (London, 1988), p. 8, f. 120v; Darby, p. 364;
BF, p. 76). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 470). Fair 1587, 13 Mar
(Harrison, p. 393). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) recorded 1086, mercatum, held by St
Petroc [Bodmin church] (Darby, p. 369; BF, p. 76). Market recorded in 1201
and 1302, when the day was stated to be Sat (J. Whetter, Cornwall in
the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and economic history (Gorran,
1998), pp. 88, 259). In 1302, the P of Bodmin successfully claimed that
he and his predecessors had held the market from time out of mind (QW,
p. 110). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) Exaltation of Holy Cross (14 Sept); recorded 1274.
Known as the Longfair; it was held in the king's highway (J. Whetter, Cornwall
in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and economic history (Gorran,
1998), p. 88). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) feria recorded 1302, held by P of Bodmin, who
successfully claimed that he and his predecessors had held the fair from
time out of mind (QW, p. 110). It is possible that this is the same
fair as either that recorded in 1274, or as either of those recorded in
1302. |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) vf, Michael (29 Sept); recorded 1302 (J. Whetter,
Cornwall in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and economic history
(Gorran, 1998), p. 259). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) Wed before Pentecost (Easter dep); recorded by 1302
(J. Whetter, Cornwall in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and
economic history (Gorran, 1998), p. 259). |
| BOSCASTLE 2096 908. Borough 1306 (BF,
p. 76). 1334 Subsidy £6. The market granted at the manor of Tolcarne,
Cornwall (q.v.) reflects an earlier phase of economic development
at Boscastle (Beresford, p. 402). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p.
470). |
|
M |
(Charter) Wed; gr 16 Aug 1312, by K Edw II to William son of William
de Botereux. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1300–26, p. 194).
On 8 Feb 1399, K Ric II confirmed the charter to Elizabeth, late the wife
of William le Botreaux, kn, the tenant of the manor (CPR, 1396–99,
p. 472). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) feria recorded 1302, held by William de Botereus
(QW, p. 108). William successfully claimed that his ancestors had
held the fair from time out of mind. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, James the Apostle (25 Jul); gr 16 Aug 1312, by K Edw
II to William son of William de Botereux. To be held at the manor (CChR,
1300–26, p. 194). On 8 Feb 1399, K Ric II confirmed the charter to
Elizabeth, late the wife of William le Botreaux, kn, the tenant of the manor
(CPR, 1396–99, p. 472). |
| CAMELFORD 2105 836. Borough ante
12 Jun 1260 (BF, p. 77). 1334 Subsidy £4.50. On 12 Jun 1260, it was stated
that Richard, K of Almain had lately made the town of Camelford a free borough
(CChR, 1257–1300, p. 26). As Richard had been elected K of Almain
in Jan 1257, this grant may have been made in the intervening three years.
Camelford was created in the manor of Helstone in Trigg, in the parish of
Lanteglos (Beresford, pp. 400, 403). Market town c.1600 (Everitt,
p. 470). |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr ante 12 Jun 1260, by Richard, K of Almain
(CChR, 1257–1300, p. 26). K Hen III confirmed this grant on
12 Jun 1260. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Swithun (2 Jul); gr ante 12 Jun 1260, by Richard,
K of Almain. K Hen III confirmed this grant on 12 Jun 1260 (CChR,
1257–1300, p. 26). In 1302, it was stated that there was an annual
fair, the profit of which was currently taken by the king, as the earldom
was in the king’s hands (J. Whetter, Cornwall in the Thirteenth
Century: a study in social and economic history (Gorran, 1998), p. 259). |
| EAST LOOE 2256 533. Borough 1201 (Beresford,
p. 406). 1334 Subsidy £15. East Looe was a new town founded on the river
bank within the parish of St Martin and the manor of Pendrym. By the sixteenth
century the ch of St Martin, which was two miles away from East Looe, was
also dedicated to St Keyne and there was probably a non-parochial chapel
in the town. According to Beresford, the town’s fair was dedicated
to St Keyne, but the date at which this was the case is not clear. It seems
more likely that the original fair of St Michael came later to be associated
with St Keyne, than that there were two fairs. The market and fair were
probably held in the town (Beresford, pp. 400, 405–6; N. Orme, The
Saints of Cornwall (Oxford, 2000), pp. 125, 162–3). Market town
c.1600 (Everitt, p. 470). |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 24 Mar 1237, by K Hen III to Henry de Bodregan
(CChR, 1226–57, p. 227). To be held at the manor of Pendrun
(sic for Pendrim). Mandate to the sh of Cornwall to proclaim the
market and cause it to be held, 15 Mar 1237 (CR, 1234–7, p.
426). In 1302, the market was being held for life by William de Bodrygan,
from Henry de Bodrigan, grandson of the grantee. It was stated to be held
in the vill (QW, p. 110). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Michael (29 Sept); gr 24 Mar 1237, by K Hen
III to Henry de Bodregan (CChR, 1226–57, p. 227). To be held
at the manor of Pendrun (sic for Pendrim). Mandate to the sh of Cornwall
to proclaim the fair and cause it to be held, 15 Mar 1237 (CR, 1234–7,
p. 426). In 1302, the fair was being held for life by William de Bodrygan,
from Henry de Bodrigan, grandson of the grantee. It was stated to be held
in the vill (QW, p. 110). Given the proximity of the feast of St
Michael to that of St Keyne (8 Oct), it seems likely that the fair later
came to be associated with the latter saint, whose cult was adopted at the
parish ch (cf. Beresford, p. 406). |
| FOWEY 2125 517. Borough 1190x1225 (BF, p. 78).
1334 Subsidy £34.17. Across the river from Polruan, Cornwall (q.v.). Market town c.1600
(Everitt, p. 470). |
|
M |
(Charter) Mon; gr 12 May 1316, by K Edw II to P and C of
Tywardreth (CChR, 1300–26, p. 306). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Barri (25 Sept (?)); gr 12 May 1316, by K
Edw II to P and C of Tywardreth (CChR, 1300–26, p. 306). To
be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Lucy (13 Dec); gr 12 May 1316, by K Edw II to P and
C of Tywardreth (CChR, 1300–26, p. 306). To be held at the manor. |
| GOLDSITHNEY 1544 306. 1334 Subsidy £30. Previously
known as Merther Sithney. The fair was known as the fair of St James outside
the Mount (St Michael’s Mount). The history of the place and of the
fair is complex and unclear. It is probable that this was the same fair
(feria) as that described as ‘of Eggulf’ in which the sh
of Cornwall claimed expenses in 1198 and 1201 (PR, 10 Ric I, p. 172;
PR, 3 John, p. 188). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) feria recorded 1140, held by A[lan]
count of Brittany, earl of Cornwall and Richmond (P.L. Hull ed., The
Cartulary of St Michael’s Mount, Devon and Cornwall record society,
ns vol. v (Torquay, 1962), no. 5). Alan granted 10s. rent from the
fair to the ch of St Michael of the Mount in the sea. In c.1227–42,
Richard, count of Poitou and earl of Cornwall stated that he had previously
received 10s. rent from William de Walebreans for the fair of St
James (25 Jul) beyond the Mount, but that henceforth the rent was to be
paid to P and M of St Michael’s Mount in Cornwall. In 1290, this grant
was confirmed by Edmund, son of Richard K of Almain and earl of Cornwall.
Merther Sithney fair was recorded in 1284. The fair was often specified
as a place to pay quarterly rents in documents of the twelfth and thirteenth
centuries (P.L. Hull ed., The Cartulary of St Michael’s Mount,
Devon and Cornwall record society, ns vol. v (Torquay, 1962), p. xx, nos.
4, 5, 6; J. Whetter, Cornwall in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social
and economic history (Gorran, 1998), p. 88). |
| GRAMPOUND 1936 483. Borough 1296 (BF,
p. 78). 1334 Subsidy £7.25. The borough of Grampound was established before
1296 by the earl of Cornwall in the parish of St Creed, at the manor of
Tybeste (Beresford, pp. 400, 404). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p.
470). |
|
M |
(Charter) gr 1332, by earl of Cornwall to burgesses of Grampound
(Beresford, p. 404). |
|
F |
(Charter) gr 1332, by earl of Cornwall to burgesses of Grampound
(Beresford, p. 404). |
|
F |
(Charter) gr 1332, by earl of Cornwall to burgesses of Grampound
(Beresford, p. 404). |
|
Beresford provides no further information regarding the market
or fairs. |
| HELSTON 1658 277. Borough 1201 (BF,
p. 78). 1334 Subsidy £43.33. Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 470). |
|
M |
(Charter) Sat; gr 6 Dec 1336, by K Edw III to burgesses of Helston
(CChR, 1327–41, p. 386). To be held at the town. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Simon and Jude the Apostles (28 Oct); gr 6 Dec 1336,
by K Edw III to burgesses of Helston (CChR, 1327–41, p. 386).
To be held at the town. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Palm Sunday (Easter dep); gr 6 Dec 1336, by K Edw
III to burgesses of Helston (CChR, 1327–41, p. 386). To be held
at the town. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Ciricus and Julitta (16 Jun); gr 6 Dec 1336, by K
Edw III to burgesses of Helston (CChR, 1327–41, p. 386). To
be held at the town. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Decollation of John the Baptist (29 Aug); gr 6 Dec
1336, by K Edw III to burgesses of Helston, to be held at the town (CChR,
1327–41, p. 386). |
| LAUNCESTON 2331 846. Borough 1201 (BF,
p. 77). Mint 1066–1154. 1334 Subsidy £28.33. The name Launceston means
‘church site of St Stephen’ and in 1086 and earlier denoted the
settlement in Cornwall now known as St Stephens
(q.v.). After the Norman Conquest, the count of Mortain built a castle
on the hill at Dunheved across the river from the old town, to which the
name Launceston was transferred. This castle became the focus of a new town,
called Launceston. It is assumed that when the Normans revived the mint
which had been situated at St Stephens, it was moved across to Launceston.
Launceston priory was moved from St Stephens to the Launceston side of the
river in 1155. Launceston was represented by its own jury at the eyre of
1201, inferring borough status. In 1227x42, it was made a free borough by
Richard, earl of Cornwall, who granted the burgesses land on which to build
a guildhall. In the later middle ages, a suburb known as Newport developed
back across the river towards St Stephens. By 1529, Newport was a parliamentary
borough. The value from the 1334 Lay Subsidy relates to the borough of Launceston
(Donnheved) (Beresford, p. 405; Glasscock, p. 35; BF, p. 77; P.L. Hull ed.,
The Cartulary of Launceston Priory, Devon and Cornwall record society,
ns vol. 30 (Torquay, 1987), p. xi). Market town c.1600 (Everitt,
p. 471). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough, mint) recorded 1086, mercatum,
held by Robert, count of Mortain. Count Robert moved the market at St
Stephens, Cornwall (q.v.) across to his castle here by 1086.
The market rendered 2s. each year. Market recorded
in c.1155-65, when it was held by Reginald, earl of Cornwall, son
of K Hen [I]. In 1205-6 the men of Launceston paid 5 marks to have their
market moved from a Sunday to a Thursday (Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus
in Turri Londinensi asservati tempore Regis Johannis, ed. T.D. Hardy
(London, 1835), 314). An apparently twelfth century charter stated that
the market was held on Thurs (Alecto Historical Editions, The Cornwall
Domesday (London, 1988), p. 8, f. 120v). A rent of 20s.
was being paid from the market to the ch of St Stephen, Launceston (P.L.
Hull ed., The Cartulary of Launceston Priory, Devon and Cornwall
record society, ns vol. 30 (Torquay, 1987), no. 13). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough, mint) Sun; recorded 1302, held by
P of Launceston (J. Whetter, Cornwall in the Thirteenth Century: a study
in social and economic history (Gorran, 1998), p. 259). This may have
been the same market as that above. |
|
F |
(Grant: other) m+2, Invention of Stephen (3 Aug); feria gr
1201, by K John to P of Launceston. Nova Oblata: P owed 100s.
for having the fair. He had not paid the following year (PR, 3 John,
p. 190; PR, 4 John, p. 167). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) vf, Philip and James (1 May); gr c.1227x43,
by Richard, count of Poitou and earl of Cornwall to P and Ca of Launceston.
To be held at St James by the water of Kensey (presumably the river Kensey).
An agreement between Stephen, P of Launceston and the C and Richard Cobbethorn,
mayor of the borough of Dunheved and the commonalty dated 4 Sept 1400, stated
that the P and C were to have their Water Fair as of old, without interference
(P.L. Hull ed., The Cartulary of Launceston Priory, Devon and Cornwall
record society, ns vol. 30 (Torquay, 1987), nos. 38, 63). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) Pentecost (Easter dep); recorded 1302, held by mayor
and bailiffs of the borough of Dunheved (Launceston) (J. Whetter, Cornwall
in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and economic history (Gorran,
1998), p. 88). |
|
In an agreement between Edmund of Cornwall and the P and C
of Launceston, dated 24 May 1284, the former conceded to the latter an unknown
number of fairs (P.L. Hull ed., The Cartulary of Launceston Priory,
Devon and Cornwall record society, ns vol. 30 (Torquay, 1987), no. 265).
Fair of the P of Launceston recorded in 1302; the feast was not specified
(J. Whetter, Cornwall in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and
economic history (Gorran, 1998), p. 88). |
| LELANT 1544 372. 1334 Subsidy £102.31. |
|
M |
(Charter) Thurs; gr 25 Aug 1296, by K Edw I to William son of William
de Botereaus. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 465).
William de Botereus was holding the market in 1302 (QW, p. 108). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Purification (2 Feb); gr 25 Aug 1296, by K Edw I to
William son of William de Botereaus (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 465).
To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Assumption (15 Aug); gr 25 Aug 1296, by K Edw I to
William son of William de Botereaus (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 465).
To be held at the manor. |
|
William de Botereus was holding a fair in 1302, by virtue of
the 1296 charter. The feast of the fair was not given (QW, p. 108). |
| LOSTWITHIEL 2103 600. Borough c.1195
(BF, p. 79). 1334 Subsidy £86.67. Founded by the Cardinan family. There
was a second borough beside it at Penknight, Cornwall (q.v.); the two boroughs
were amalgamated in 1268. Richard, earl of Cornwall granted the burgesses
a guild merchant in 1268. Lostwithiel became the administrative centre of
the duchy of Cornwall (Beresford, p. 407; BF, p. 81; J. Whetter, Cornwall
in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and economic history (Gorran,
1998), p. 259). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 470). |
|
M |
(Grant: other) forum, gr 1195, by K Ric I to Robert de Cardinan,
lord of Bodardell (PR, 7 Ric I, p. 133). Robert owed 10m.
for having the market. He had not paid this by 1203 (PR, 9 Ric I,
p. 2; PR, 10 Ric I, p. 173; PR, 2 John, p. 221; PR,
3 John, p. 188; PR, 4 John, p. 167; PR, 5 John, p. 80). On
19 Jul 1224, K Hen III granted Robert de Cardinan a Thurs market until the
king came of age. This was deleted, ‘because in the fine roll’
(RLC, i, p. 637). |
|
M |
(Charter) Tues; gr 13 Jul 1268, by Richard, earl of Cornwall, K of
the Romans to burgesses of Lostwithiel and Penknight (Historical Manuscripts
Commission, Various Collections, vol i (London, 1901), p. 327). K
Edw II made an inspeximus of this charter on 30 Oct 1325. |
|
M |
(Charter) Thurs, gr 30 Oct 1325, by K Edw II to burgesses of Lostwithiel
(CChR, 1300–26, p. 479). To be held in the borough as a second
weekly market. |
|
F |
(Letter Close) vf, Bartholomew (24 Aug); feria gr 19 Jul 1224,
by K Hen III to Robert de Cardinan (RLC, i, p. 637). To be held until
the king came of age. Deleted ‘because in the fine roll’. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Bartholomew (24 Aug); nundinas gr 13 Jul 1268,
by Richard, earl of Cornwall, K of the Romans to burgesses of Lostwithiel
and Penknight (Historical Manuscripts Commission, Various Collections,
vol i (London, 1901), p. 327). Fair recorded in 1296–7 (Beresford,
p. 407). K Edw II made an inspeximus of this charter on 30 Oct 1325 (Historical
Manuscripts Commission, Various Collections, vol i (London, 1901),
p. 327). |
| METHLEIGH 1624 264. Domesday Book states
that the bp of Exeter held the market of the manor of Methleigh at the time
of K Edw the Confessor (1042–66) and that by 1086, it was held by Robert,
count of Mortain. It is possible that the market was held at Breage, which
was the main focus of the manor of Methleigh. The grid references for Breage
are 1619 2850 and it was valued at £32.25 in the 1334 Lay Subsidy (Glasscock,
p. 30). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive) recorded 1066, forum, held by bp of Exeter
(C. Thorn and F. Thorn eds, Domesday Book: Cornwall (Chichester,
1979), 2, 2). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) feria recorded 1066, held by bp of Exeter (Liber
censualis vocatus Domesday Book: Indexes and Additamenta ex codic. antiquiss.
(London, Record Commission, 1783–1816), iv, p. 470). Exon Domesday
describes the fair which the bishop held, which the count of Mortain later
held unjustly. It was listed under terre occupate. |
| MITCHELL 1859 545. Borough 1301 (BF,
p. 80). 1334 Subsidy £4. In 1302, John de Arundell stated that he held the
manor of Modeshole by hereditary descent: K Hen III had granted the liberties
by charter to Walter de Ralegh and Isabel his wife, whose heir Peter de
Ralegh had sold the manor to Ralph, ancestor of John, on whose death the
manor had passed to John (QW, 1226–57, p. 109). Assessed as
a borough in the 1334 Lay Subsidy (Glasscock, p. 32). Fair 1587, 4 Oct (Harrison,
p. 396). |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 6 Mar 1239, by K Hen III to Walter de Ralegh and
Isabel his wife (CChR, 1226–57, p. 241). In 1302, John de Arundell
claimed to hold a market at Mitchell as a liberty of the manor and produced
a charter of K Hen III to demonstrate his right (QW, p. 109). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Francis (4 Oct); gr 6 Mar 1239, by K Hen III
to Walter de Ralegh and Isabel his wife (CChR, 1226–57, p. 241).
In 1302, John de Arundell claimed to hold a fair at Mitchell as a liberty
of the manor and produced a charter of K Hen III to demonstrate his right
(QW, p. 109). In 1499, the lord’s fair (nundinae) at
Mitchell was recorded. The fair on the feast of Francis continued into the
early seventeenth century (H.S.A. Fox and O.J. Padel eds., The Cornish
Lands of the Arundells of Lanherne, Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries,
Devon and Cornwall Record Society ns 41 (Exeter, 1998), pp. xcvii, 139). |
| MOUSEHOLE 1469 262. Borough 1327 (BF,
p. 80). |
|
M |
(Charter) Tues; gr 5 Sept 1300, by K Edw I to Henry le Tyeys. To
be held at the manor (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 489). Market held
by Henry Tyays in the vill of Mousehole recorded in 1302 (QW, p.
109). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Barnabas (11 Jun); gr 5 Sept 1300, by K Edw I to Henry
le Tyeys. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 489).
Fair held by Henry Tyays in the vill of Mousehole recorded in 1302 (QW,
p. 109). |
|
F |
(Charter) vf+5, Bartholomew (24 Aug); gr 25 Apr 1332, by K Edw III
to Alice, late the wife of Warin de Insula and her heirs (CChR, 1327–41,
pp. 270–1). To be held at the manor. |
| PENRYN 1787 345. Borough 1236 (BF,
p. 81). 1334 Subsidy £20. Borough created by the bp of Exeter on his estate
in 1236 (Beresford, p. 401). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 471).
Fair 1587, 1 May (Harrison, p. 393). |
|
M |
(Charter) Mon; gr 8 Jan 1259, by K Hen III to Walter, bp of Exeter.
To be held at the manor (CChR, 1257–1300, p. 16). Market held
by Thomas, bp of Exeter, recorded in 1302 (QW, p. 108). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Thomas the Martyr (7 Jul); gr 8 Jan 1259, by K Hen
III to Walter, bp of Exeter. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1257–1300,
p. 16). Fair held by Thomas, bp of Exeter, recorded in 1302 (QW,
p. 108). |
|
F |
(Charter) m+2, Vitalis (28 Apr); gr 23 Aug 1311, by K Edw II to Walter,
bp of Exeter (CChR, 1300–26, p. 183). To be held at the manor. |
| PENZANCE 1475 300. Borough 1327 (BF,
p. 81). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 471). |
|
M |
(Charter) Wed; gr 25 Apr 1332, by K Edw III to Alice, late the wife
of Warin de Insula and her heirs (CChR, 1327–41, pp. 270–1).
To be held at the manor. |
|
M |
(Charter) Wed; gr 8 Apr 1406, by K Hen IV to Thomas, lord of Berkeley
(CChR, 1341–1417, p. 430). To be held at the town. |
|
F |
(Charter) vf, Peter ad Vincula (1 Aug); gr 25 Apr 1332, by K Edw
III to Alice, late the wife of Warin de Insula and her heirs (CChR,
1327–41, pp. 270–1). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vf+5, Peter’s Chair (22 Feb); gr 8 Apr 1406, by K
Hen IV to Thomas, lord of Berkeley (CChR, 1341–1417, p. 430). |
|
F |
(Charter) vf, Conception of Mary (8 Dec); gr 8 Apr 1406, by K Hen
IV to Thomas, lord of Berkeley (CChR, 1341–1417, p. 430). |
|
F |
(Charter) vf, Nativity of Mary (8 Sept); gr 8 Apr 1406, by K Hen
IV to Thomas, lord of Berkeley (CChR, 1341–1417, p. 430). |
| PROBUS 1899 478. 1334 Subsidy £79.50. |
|
M |
(Charter) Mon; gr 2 Jul 1321, by K Edw II to Thomas de Henton, treasurer
of the ch of St Peter, Exeter [Exeter cathedral] (CChR, 1300–26,
p. 435). To be held at the manor, which belongs to the office of the treasurer
of the ch. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, George the Martyr (23 Apr); gr 2 Jul 1321, by K Edw
II to Thomas de Henton, treasurer of the ch of St Peter [Exeter cathedral]
(CChR, 1300–26, p. 435). To be held at the manor, which belongs
to the office of the treasurer of the ch. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Nativity of John the Baptist (24 Jun); gr 2 Jul 1321,
by K Edw II to Thomas de Henton, treasurer of the ch of St Peter [Exeter
cathedral] (CChR, 1300–26, p. 435). To be held at the manor,
which belongs to the office of the treasurer of the ch. |
| ST BURYAN 1409 258. 1334 Subsidy £123.87.
An important medieval ch, served by canons from at least 1086 until the
Reformation (N. Orme, The Saints of Cornwall (Oxford, 2000), p. 78). |
|
M |
(Charter) Sat; gr 11 Jul 1302, by K Edw I to Ralph de Manton, king’s
clerk, dean of the king’s free chapel of St Buryan (CChR, 1300–26,
p. 25). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Buryan (1 May (?)); gr 11 Jul 1302, by K Edw I to
Ralph de Manton, king’s clerk, dean of the king’s free chapel
of St Buryan. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1300–26, p. 25).
The date of the feast of St Buryan is not certain; it may have been 1 May
(N. Orme, The Saints of Cornwall (Oxford, 2000), p. 78). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Martin in Winter (11 Nov); gr 11 Jul 1302, by K Edw
I to Ralph de Manton, king’s clerk, dean of the king’s free chapel
of St Buryan (CChR, 1300–26, p. 25). To be held at the manor. |
| ST COLUMB MAJOR 1912 637. 1334 Subsidy
£84.75. Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 471). |
|
M |
(Charter) Thurs; gr 23 Jul 1333, by K Edw III to John de Arendel
(CChR, 1327–41, p. 301). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Columba (Thurs after 1 Nov (?)); gr 23 Jul 1333, by
K Edw III to John de Arendel. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1327–41,
p. 301). The date of the feast of St Columba in the medieval period is not
clear; it could have been the Thurs after 1 Nov, or the nearest Sun to 17
Nov (N. Orme, The Saints of Cornwall (Oxford, 2000), p. 92). |
|
In the mid-fifteenth century, it was stated that the market
and fair used to pay 6d. each year (H.S.A. Fox and O.J. Padel eds.,
The Cornish Lands of the Arundells of Lanherne, Fourteenth to Sixteenth
Centuri es, Devon and Cornwall Record Society ns 41 (Exeter, 1998),
p. 39). |
| ST GERMANS 2359 578. 1334 Subsidy £97.50.
After the Conquest of Cornwall by K Athelstan, a Cornish bishopric was established
at St Germans. In 1030, this was joined with the bishopric of Crediton,
Devon (q.v.); in 1050 the seat of the diocese was transferred to
Exeter, Devon (q.v.). Market town c.1600
(Everitt, p. 471). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive) Sun; recorded 1086, mercatum, held by St Germans.
Domesday Book states that there was a Sun market in 1086, but that it was
reduced to nothing on account of the count of Mortain’s market, which
was very close by at Trematon, Cornwall
(q.v.) (Alecto Historical Editions, The Cornwall Domesday
(London, 1988), p. vii, f. 120v; Darby, p. 369). |
|
M |
(Grant: other) Thurs; mercatum, gr 27 Apr 1222, by K Hen III
to P of St Germans (C 60/16 m. 5). Market held by the P of St Germans recorded
in 1302; the P successfully claimed that his predecessors had held the market
at the vill from time out of mind (QW, p. 108). |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri, gr 23 Aug 1311, by K Edw II to Walter, bp of Exeter
(CChR, 1300–26, p. 183). To be held at the manor. |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) feria recorded 1302, held by P of St Germans
(QW, p. 108). The P successfully claimed that his predecessors had
held the fair at the vill from time out of mind. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Peter ad Vincula (1 Aug); gr 23 Aug 1311, by K Edw
II to Walter, bp of Exeter (CChR, 1300–26, p. 183). To be held
at the manor. |
| ST MICHAEL’S MOUNT 1515 298.
Borough 1215 [Marazion] (BF, p. 80). 1334 Subsidy £38.44. As the history
of the markets and fairs at the Mount and in its immediate vicinity is unclear,
no attempt has been made to separate them. This entry includes the markets
and fairs held on the island of St Michael’s Mount, at Marazion (the
mainland settlement across the causeway from the Mount) and at the manor
of Marghasyou (Market Jew, which was either next to or part of Marazion).
Marazion was occasionally referred to as parvum mercatum in the medieval
period, indicating that a market was held there. The reference to a borough
in 1215 relates to Marazion. The grid references and the value from the
1334 Lay Subsidy relate to St Michael’s Mount. Market town c.1600
(Everitt, p. 471). Fair 1587, 13 Mar [St Michael’s Mount] (Harrison,
p. 393). |
|
M |
(Charter) Thurs; gr in or ante 1084, by Robert, count of Mortain
to M of Mont S. Michel, Normandy, together with St Michael’s Mount
and other land. Although Hull dated this grant to c.1070, Count Robert
was unlikely to have received his lands in Cornwall before 1075; the latest
date for the grant is 1084. In c.1257–72, Richard, K of the
Romans granted the P and M of Blessed Michael in Cornwall three markets
(mercata) with the three fairs (see below). No details of the markets
were given and it is possible that this was a description of the trading
institution of the annual fair, rather than a recognition of three weekly
markets (P.L. Hull ed., The Cartulary of St Michael’s Mount,
Devon and Cornwall record society, ns vol. v (Torquay, 1962), nos. 1, 7). |
|
M |
(Charter) Mon; gr 28 Jun 1331, by K Edw III to Ralph de Bloyhou (CChR,
1327–41, p. 229). To be held at the manor of Marghasyou (Market Jew,
which was either next to or part of Marazion). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) feria recorded 1087–91, held by Robert,
count of Mortain and his wife Almodis (P.L. Hull ed., The Cartulary of
St Michael’s Mount, Devon and Cornwall record society, ns vol.
v (Torquay, 1962), appendix II). Robert and Almodis granted an unspecified
number of fairs at St Michael’s Mount to St Michael and the M. It is
possible that the fairs below were included in this grant. |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) vfm, mid Lent (Easter dep); feria recorded
c.1257–72, held by P and M of Blessed Michael in Cornwall, when
Richard, K of the Romans, granted them that the fair granted by his predecessors,
kings of England, at Marazion (Marghasbigan) on soil not their own, would
henceforth be held on their own soil at Market Jew (Marchadyon) near their
grange (P.L. Hull ed., The Cartulary of St Michael’s Mount,
Devon and Cornwall record society, ns vol. v (Torquay, 1962), no. 7). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) vfm, Michael (29 Sept); feria recorded c.1257–72,
held by P and M of Blessed Michael in Cornwall, when Richard, K of the Romans,
granted them that the fair granted by his predecessors, kings of England,
at Marazion (Marghasbigan) on alien soil, would henceforth be held on their
own soil at Market Jew (Marchadyou) near their grange (P.L. Hull ed., The
Cartulary of St Michael’s Mount, Devon and Cornwall record society,
ns vol. v (Torquay, 1962), no. 7). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) vfm, Michael in Monte Tumba (16 Oct); recorded by
c.1257–72, feria held by P and M of Blessed Michael in
Cornwall, when Richard, K of the Romans, granted them that the fair granted
by his predecessors, kings of England, at Marazion (Marghasbigan) on alien
soil, would henceforth be held on their own soil at Market Jew (Marchadyon)
near their grange (P.L. Hull ed., The Cartulary of St Michael’s
Mount, Devon and Cornwall record society, ns vol. v (Torquay, 1962),
no. 7). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Andrew the Apostle (30 Nov); gr 28 Jun 1331, by K
Edw III to Ralph de Bloyhou, to be held at the manor of Marghasyou (Market
Jew, which was either next to or part of Marazion) (CChR, 1327–41,
p. 229). |
|
An unspecified fair was recorded at Market Jew in 1284 (J.
Whetter, Cornwall in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and economic
history (Gorran, 1998), p. 88). |
| ST STEPHENS 2326 845. Borough 1086
(BF, p. 79). Mint c.979–1016. 1334 Subsidy £72. Before the Norman
Conquest, the town at Launceston, Cornwall (q.v.) was situated on
the site of the modern St Stephens, on the north side of the river Kensey.
After the Conquest, the focus of economic activity shifted across the river
to the present site of Launceston, which grew up around the castle established
by the count of Mortain. A mint had been established here in the Anglo–Saxon
period. It is presumed that when the mint was revived by the Normans, it
was also moved across to the new settlement. The college of priests at St
Stephens was converted into a priory of regular canons in the 1120s. In
1155, Launceston priory was moved across the river to Launceston. The value
from the 1334 Lay Subsidy relates to St Stephen’s by Launceston, which
was taxed at a fifteenth (Beresford, p. 405; Glasscock, p. 34; P.L. Hull
ed., The Cartulary of Launceston Priory, Devon and Cornwall record
society, ns vol. 30 (Torquay, 1987), p. xi). Market town c.1600 (Everitt,
p. 470). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough, mint) recorded 1066, mercatum,
held by Ca of St Stephens (Launceston priory). Domesday Book states that
the Ca of St Stephens held a market here at the time of K Edw the Confessor
(1042–66) and that after the Norman Conquest, Robert, count of Mortain
took control of the market and moved it across the river to Launceston, Cornwall (q.v.). The market at
St Stephens was worth 20s. (Alecto Historical Editions, The Cornwall
Domesday (London, 1988), p. 8, f. 120v). In 1302, jurors at Launceston
stated that the count of Mortain had agreed to pay the P and C of Launceston
20s. yearly after he removed their Sun market (P.L. Hull ed., The
Cartulary of Launceston Priory, Devon and Cornwall record society, ns
vol. 30 (Torquay, 1987), no. 262). |
| SUMMERCOURT 1888 562. Also known as
Penhale, Long Chipping, or the Long fair. It is possible that the fair was
originally at Penhale and was transferred to nearby Summercourt in the reign
of K Edw II (J.H. Rowe ed., Cornwall Feet of Fines, 1195–1377,
Devon and Cornwall Record Society (Exeter, 1914), no. 56; J. Whetter, Cornwall
in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and economic history (Gorran,
1998), p. 87). Fair 1587, 14 Sept (Harrison p. 395). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) f, Holy Cross in the autumn (14 Sept); recorded 25
June 1234, held by John le Seneschall. Described as ‘la lunge feire’.
On 25 June 1234, Andrew de Kardinan granted Emma, who was the wife of Robert
de Cardinan, the service of John le Seneshall, including the 20s.
that he was accustomed to pay Andrew for the fair. The long fair may be
mentioned in a fine from 1201, but the document is damaged and the details
uncertain (J.H. Rowe ed., Cornwall Feet of Fines, 1195–1377,
Devon and Cornwall Record Society (Exeter, 1914), nos. 24, 56). |
| TINTAGEL 2057 885. Borough 1227x56
(BF, p. 82). 1334 Subsidy £20.08. Beresford states that Tintagel was ‘joined’
with the adjacent Bossiney, Cornwall (q.v.) and that they were
considered one borough (Beresford, p. 414). |
|
M |
(Grant: other) Wed; gr 1227x43, by Richard, count of Poitou and earl
of Cornwall to burgesses and men of Tintagel. The grant was not dated. On
6 Dec 1386, K Ric II confirmed the market to the burgesses of Tintagel (CPR,
1385–89, p. 245). Inspeximus of K Ric II’s confirmation was made
on 19 Nov 1426 (CPR, 1422–29, p. 382). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) Michaelmas (29 Sept); gr 1227x43, by Richard, count
of Poitou and earl of Cornwall to burgesses and men of Tintagel. The grant
was not dated. On 6 Dec 1386, K Ric II confirmed the fair to the burgesses
of Tintagel (CPR, 1385–89, p. 245). Inspeximus of K Ric II’s
confirmation was made on 19 Nov 1426. This stated that the fair lasted v+3
Faith (6 Oct) (CPR, 1422–29, p. 382). |
| TREGONY 1925 450. Borough 1201 (BF,
p. 82). 1334 Subsidy £17.58. Site of a castle and, by 1112, an Augustinian
priory. A bridge was built over the river Fal in 1300. The original market
place by the castle may have been replaced by a new site in the extension
to the borough (T.R. Slater, ‘Medieval Town Plans’ in R. Kain
and W. Ravenhill eds, Historical Atlas of South Western England (Exeter,
1999), p. 411). In 1563, Tregony was described as a market town ‘of
much access’ (H.S.A. Fox and O.J. Padel eds., The Cornish Lands
of the Arundells of Lanherne, Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries, Devon
and Cornwall Record Society ns 41 (Exeter, 1998), p. xcvi). See also Sheepstall,
Cornwall (q.v.). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 471). Fair
1587, 6 Nov (Harrison, p. 396). |
|
M |
(Grant: other); gr 1227x72, mercatum, by K Hen III
to Henry de Pomeray (QW, p. 109). In 1302, Henry de Pomeray successfully
claimed that his father Henry had been granted a market by Henry, late king
of England (presumably K Hen III). |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Leonard (6 Nov); gr 18 Jun 1267, by K Hen
III to Henry de la Pomeray. To be held at the manor (CChR, 1257–1300,
p. 76). Fair held by Henry, son of the grantee, recorded in 1302 (QW,
p. 109). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) vfm, James the Apostle (25 Jul); gr 1227x72,
by K Hen III to Henry de Pomeray (QW, p. 109). In 1302, Henry de
Pomeray successfully claimed that his father Henry had been granted a fair
by Henry, late king of England (presumably K Hen III). |
| TRURO 1828 448. Borough c.1173
(BF, p. 82). 1334 Subsidy £120.92. Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p.
471). |
|
M |
(Prescriptive: borough) recorded c.1262. An agreement
between the burgesses of Truro and Reginald de Pridias, lord of Newham,
dated 1262, indicates a market at Truro, as it mentions a meat market (bucheriam)
and a cloth market, as well as buying, selling and taking tolls. These were
aspects of the general market at Truro (C. Henderson, ‘Records of the
borough of Truro before 1300’, Journal of the Royal Institution
of Cornwall, 23 (1929), pp. 124–5). Market at Truro recorded in
1284 (J. Whetter, Cornwall in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social
and economic history (Gorran, 1998), p. 84). In 1302, Thomas Pidyas,
Matilda, who was the wife of Richard de Hewysh, Richard son of Richard de
Hewysh, Thomas de Tregemenion and Elena his wife, and John de Hellaunde
were holding a market at the manor. They all successfully claimed their
rights from time out of mind. Thomas Pidyas claimed his right as the assign
of John de Ripariis and from John’s ancestors. Matilda, who was the
wife of Richard de Hewysh and Richard son of Richard de Hewysh claimed their
rights as the assigns of Robert son of Walter de Wodeham and from Robert’s
ancestors. Thomas de Tregemenion and Elena his wife claimed their right
from all of Elena’s ancestors. John de Hellaunde claimed his right
from his ancestors (QW, p. 111). |
|
F |
(Prescriptive) nundinae recorded c.1250 (C.
Henderson, ‘Records of the borough of Truro before 1300’, Journal
of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, 23 (1929), p. 113). In 1302, Thomas
Pidyas, Matilda, who was the wife of Richard de Hewysh, Richard son of Richard
de Hewysh, Thomas de Tregemenion and Elena his wife, and John de Hellaunde
were holding a fair at the manor. They all successfully claimed their rights
from time out of mind. Thomas Pidyas claimed his right as the assign of
John de Ripariis and from John’s ancestors. Matilda, who was the wife
of Richard de Hewysh and Richard son of Richard de Hewysh claimed their
rights as the assigns of Robert son of Walter de Wodeham and from Robert’s
ancestors. Thomas de Tregemenion and Elena his wife claimed their right
from all of Elena’s ancestors. John de Hellaunde claimed his right
from his ancestors (QW, p. 111). The fair at Truro may have been
held on St Martin’s day (11 Nov) (J. Whetter, Cornwall in the Thirteenth
Century: a study in social and economic history (Gorran, 1998), p. 259). |
| WADEBRIDGE 1988 723. Episcopal manor, known as Pouton, since
the ninth century. The town which developed here was known as Wade before
the bridge over the river Camel was built in c.1470 (Beresford, p.
413). |
|
M |
(Charter) Fri; gr 23 Aug 1311, by K Edw II to Walter, bp
of Exeter (CChR, 1300–26, p. 183). To be held at the manor of
Pouton. |
|
F |
(Charter) m+2, Vitalis (28 Apr); gr 23 Aug 1311, by K Edw
II to Walter, bp of Exeter (CChR, 1300–26, p. 183). To be held
at the manor of Pouton. |
|
F |
(Charter) vfm, Michael (29 Sept); gr 23 Aug 1311, by K Edw
II to Walter, bp of Exeter (CChR, 1300–26, p. 183). To be held
at the manor of Pouton. |
| WEEK ST MARY 2237 977. Borough 1306
(BF, p. 82). 1334 Subsidy £26.25. |
|
M |
(Grant: other) Wed; mercatum, gr 1221, by K Hen III
to Richard de Wyke. To be held until the king came of age. He gave 5m.
(C 60/14 m. 5). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) vf+3, Nativity of Virgin Mary (8 Sept); feria
gr 19 Feb 1225, by K Hen III to Roger de Wika. Roger gave 100s. (C
60/22 m. 3). In 1302, Serlo de Nansladron, his steward John de Trulenyn,
William Chambernoun and Walter his steward were accused of taking toll from
both sellers and buyers, instead of just from sellers. William Chambernoun
stated that he had held the fair during the minority of Ranulph de Whiteminster.
Ranulph himself had taken control of the manor of Week the previous feast
of Michaelmas and had not held a fair since (J. Whetter, Cornwall in
the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and economic history (Gorran,
1998), pp. 88, 259). Fair on 8 Sept recorded c.1700 (A. Preston-Jones
and P. Rose, ‘Week St Mary: town and castle’, Cornish Archaeology,
31 (1992), pp. 143–53). |
| WEST LOOE 2253 532. Borough 1201 (J.
Whetter, Cornwall in the Thirteenth Century: a study in social and economic
history (Gorran, 1998), p. 86). 1334 Subsidy £16.50. In the parish of
Talland, within the manor of Porbuan; it was often called Porbuan, or Portbighan.
The charter from Richard, earl of Cornwall to Odo de Treverbyn also confirmed
the borough status granted to the settlement by Odo. Borough incorporated
in 1584 (CPR, 1324–7, p. 28; Beresford, pp. 400, 406). Market
town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 471). |
|
M |
(Grant: other) Wed; gr 1227x43, by Richard, count of Poitou
and earl of Cornwall to Odo de Treverbyn. On 22 Sept 1324, K Edw II confirmed
the market to Roger Pridiaux and Elizabeth his wife, kinswoman and one of
the heirs of Odo, John Dauney and Sibyl his wife, kinswoman and the other
heir of Odo, and the heirs of Elizabeth and Sibyl (CPR, 1324–7,
p. 28). |
|
F |
(Grant: other) vfm, Michaelmas (29 Sept); gr 1227x43, by
Richard, count of Poitou and earl of Cornwall to Odo de Treverbyn. On 22
Sept 1324, K Edw II confirmed the fair to Roger Pridiaux and Elizabeth his
wife, kinswoman and one of the heirs of Odo, John Dauney and Sibyl his wife,
kinswoman and the other heir of Odo, and the heirs of Elizabeth and Sibyl
(CPR, 1324–7, p. 28). |