| BARNARD CASTLE 4051
5166. Borough c.1175 (BF, p. 105). Market town c.1600
(Everitt, p. 468). |
| M | (Prescriptive: borough) recorded 1293,
mercatum, held by John, K of Scotland. Within the
liberties of the bp of Durham (QW, p. 604). |
| F | (Prescriptive) feria recorded 1293, held
by John, K of Scotland. Within the liberties of the bp of Durham
(QW, p. 604). |
|
On 16 Jul 1440, it was alleged that markets and fairs set up at several
places in Yorkshire and Co. Durham, including Barnard
Castle, were detrimental to the burgesses at Richmond, Yorkshire (q.v.)
(CPR, 1436–41, p. 452). |
| DARLINGTON 4291 5145.
Borough 1183 (BF, p. 105). Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p.
468). |
| M | (Prescriptive: borough) recorded 1293,
mercatum, held by bp of Durham (QW, p. 604). In
Jan 1307, it was stated that the royal keeper took an
unspecified number of markets into royal hands, during the
confiscation of the bp’s liberty (C.M. Fraser, Records
of Anthony Bec, Bishop and Patriarch, 1283–1311, The
Surtees Society, clxii (1947), p. 123). |
| F | (Prescriptive) feria recorded 1293, held
by bp of Durham (QW, p. 604). |
| DURHAM 4274 5420.
Borough 1130 (BF, p. 106; BF, supplement, p. 62). Mint
1066–1154. Natural fortress on peninsula site overlooking river
Wear. Traditionally, the site was settled c.995 by the
community of St Cuthbert. It subsequently became one of the most
important centres of pilgrimage in England. See of the bishopric was
transferred from Chester-le-Street, Co. Durham
(q.v.) to Durham in 990. The city was administrative centre of
the largely autonomous region that the bps controlled and its
principal market town. By 1200 there were four boroughs at Durham.
The Bishop’s borough (also known as the borough of Durham), was
held by the bp. The burgesses of the borough of Durham are first
recorded in 1130; in c.1179, Bp Hugh du Puiset granted them
the free customs of Newcastle upon
Tyne, Northumberland (q.v.). The three other boroughs were
first recorded in the twelfth century. Old Borough (also called
Crossgate) was held by Durham priory. The borough of Elvet (or New
Elvet) was developed by Bp Puisset but granted to the priory; the
burgesses of the new borough of Elvethalge were granted a charter by
Prior Bertram and the convent in 1188x1219. The fourth borough, that
of St Giles, first recorded in c.1180, was originally held by
the bp, who granted it to Kepier hospital. Whilst these boroughs were
physically separate when established, they subsequently developed and
merged together. Only the bp’s borough had a market; the other
three were unusual boroughs, in that they did not have markets (M.
Bonney, Lordship and the Urban Community: Durham and its Overlords
1250–1540 (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 9–10, 26–9,
41–9; R.H. Britnell, ‘Boroughs, markets and trade in
northern England, 1000–1216’ in R.H. Britnell, R.H. Hatcher
eds., Progress and Problems in Medieval England (Cambridge,
1996), p. 51; BF, pp. 106–7, supplement, p. 62). Market town
c.1600 (Everitt, p. 468). Fair 1587, 20 Mar (Harrison, p.
393). |
| M
| (Prescriptive: borough, mint) recorded 1040,
forum. The market may have been held on the neck of the
peninsula, or in the area later known as the placea (M.
Bonney, Lordship and the Urban Community: Durham and its
Overlords 1250–1540 (Cambridge, 1990), p. 26). The bp
of Durham was holding a market in 1293 (QW, p. 604). In
Jan 1307, it was stated that the royal keeper took an
unspecified number of markets at Durham into royal hands, during
the confiscation of the bp’s liberty (C.M. Fraser,
Records of Anthony Bec, Bishop and Patriarch,
1283–1311, The Surtees Society, clxii (1947), p.
123). |
| F | (Prescriptive) Cuthbert (20 Mar); recorded
twelfth century (M. Bonney, Lordship and the Urban Community:
Durham and its Overlords 1250–1540 (Cambridge, 1990),
pp. 10, 32). |
| F | (Prescriptive) Trans of Cuthbert (4 Sept);
recorded twelfth century (M. Bonney, Lordship and the Urban
Community: Durham and its Overlords 1250–1540
(Cambridge, 1990), pp. 10, 32). |
|
The fairs may have begun as a result of the translation of the
saint’s body in 1104 (M. Bonney, Lordship and the Urban
Community: Durham and its Overlords 1250–1540 (Cambridge,
1990), pp. 10, 32). Fair held by the bp of Durham recorded in 1293
(QW, p. 604). |
| GREATHAM 4495 5275.
See also VCH Durham, iii, p. 242. |
| M | (Charter) Wed; gr 15 Dec 1445, by K Hen VI to
hospital of Greatham (CChR, 1427–1516, p. 46). There
is no further evidence for the market (VCH Durham, iii,
p. 242). |
| F | (Charter) vf+2, George (23 Apr); gr 15 Dec 1445,
by K Hen VI to hospital of Greatham (CChR,
1427–1516, p. 46). There is no further evidence for the
fair (VCH Durham, iii, p. 242). |
| F | (Charter) vf+2, Exaltation of the Holy Cross (14
Sept); gr 15 Dec 1445, by K Hen VI to hospital of Greatham
(CChR, 1427–1516, p. 46). There is no further
evidence for the fair (VCH Durham, iii, p.
242). |
| HARTLEPOOL 4504 5324.
Borough 1162x85 (BF, p. 106). Monastic site in the seventh to ninth
centuries, with some evidence of specialised economic activity.
Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 468). See also VCH
Durham, iii, pp. 270–1. |
| M | (Grant: other) Wed; mercatum, gr 1201, by
K John to William de Brus. William owed 20m. for having a
market and a fair lasting three days (PR, 3 John, pp. 249–50).
On 26 Jun
1215, Philip de Ulecot was notified that K John had granted
Robert de Brus, son and heir of William de Brus, a Wed market,
as it was set out in the charter (RLC, i, p. 217). On 11
Nov 1218, an agreement between Robert Brus and Patrick, earl of
Dunbar and C. the countess, records that Patrick was to retain
one third of the market (Calendar of Documents relating to
Scotland, i, 1108–1272, p. 123, no. 700). In 1293,
Robert de Brus had a market in Hartlepool, within the liberties
of the bp of Durham (QW, p. 604). |
| M | (Grant: other) Tues; gr 1230, by Richard le
Poor, bp of Durham to burgesses of Hartlepool (VCH
Durham, iii, p. 270). On 2 July 1234, K Hen III confirmed
the charter of Richard [le Poor], bp of Durham. The charter of K
Hen III was confirmed on 28 Jan 1365 by K Edw III (CChR,
1341–1417, p. 191). Market held by Maud, widow of Roger
Clifford on 12 Mar 1403 (CIPM, xviii, no. 775). Tues
market recorded in 1592–3; it had fallen into disuse by
1720 (VCH Durham, iii, pp. 272, 275). |
| M | (Prescriptive: borough) Fri, recorded 12 Mar
1403, held by Maud, widow of Roger Clifford (CIPM, xviii,
no. 775). |
| F | (Grant: other) feria gr 1201, by K John
to William de Brus. William owed 20m. for having a market
and fair (PR, 3 John, pp. 249–50). On 26 Jun 1215,
Philip de Ulecot was notified that K John had granted Robert de
Brus, son and heir of William de Brus, a fair on f+2 Laurence
(10 Aug), as it was set out in the charter (RLC, i, p.
217). On 11 Nov 1218, an agreement between Robert Brus and
Patrick, earl of Dunbar and C. the countess, records that
Patrick was to retain one third of the fair (Calendar of
Documents relating to Scotland, i, 1108–1272, p. 123,
no. 700). In 1293, Robert de Brus had a fair in Hartlepool,
within the liberties of the bp of Durham (QW, p.
604). |
| F | (Charter) f+14, Laurence (10 Aug); gr 1230, by
Richard le Poor, bp of Durham to burgesses of Hartlepool (VCH
Durham, iii, p. 270). On 2 July 1234, K Hen III confirmed
the charter of Richard [le Poor], bp of Durham. The charter of K
Hen III was confirmed on 28 Jan 1365 by K Edw III (CChR,
1341–1417, p. 191). Fair on f Lawrence was held by Maud,
widow of Roger de Clifford in 1403 (CIPM, xviii, no.
775). Fair of Lawrence recorded in 1592–3 (VCH
Durham, iii, p. 272). |
| F | (Prescriptive) f, Invention of the Holy Cross (3
May); recorded 12 Mar 1403, held by Maud, widow of Roger de
Clifford (CIPM, xviii, no. 775). |
| SEDGEFIELD 4356
5286. See also VCH Durham, iii, p. 321. |
| M | (Charter) Fri;
gr 22 Nov 1312, by Richard [de Kellawe], bp of Durham to vill
of Sedgefield. To be held in the vill (T.D. Hardy ed.,
Registrum Palatinum Dunelmense, Rolls Series (London,
1874), ii, pp. 1180–1). Market had fallen into disuse
before 1343, when illegal trading was taking place on Sun
(VCH Durham, iii, p. 321). |
| F | (Charter) vf+3,
Edmund the archbp (16 Nov); gr 22 Nov 1312, by Richard [de
Kellawe], bp of Durham to vill of Sedgefield. To be held in
the vill (T.D. Hardy ed., Registrum Palatinum
Dunelmense, Rolls Series (London, 1874), ii, pp.
1180–1). It is assumed that the fair was held on the
feast of Edmund, rather than on the translation (9
Jun). |
| STAINDROP 4126
5204. Market town c.1600 (Everitt, p. 468). |
| M | (Charter) gr
1379, by bp Hatfield of Durham to John de Nevill, lord of
Raby. The market was held in the vill (G.T. Lapsley, The
County Palatine of Durham: a Study in Constitutional
History (Cambridge, 1924), p. 62). |
| F | (Charter) gr
1379, by bp Hatfield of Durham to John de Nevill, lord of Raby
(G.T. Lapsley, The County Palatine of Durham: a Study in
Constitutional History (Cambridge, 1924), p.
62). |
|
On 16 Jul 1440, it was alleged that markets and fairs set up at
several places in Yorkshire and Durham, including Staindrop, were
detrimental to the burgesses at Richmond, Yorkshire (q.v.)
(CPR, 1436–41, p. 452). |
| STOCKTON 4444 5189.
Borough 1283 (BF, p. 106). |
| M | (Charter) Wed;
gr 11 May 1310, by Anthony Bec, bp of Durham to town of
Stockton (C.M. Fraser, Records of Anthony Bec, Bishop and
Patriarch, 1283–1311, The Surtees Society, clxii
(1947), p. 159). The market declined. It was regranted in 1602
(VCH Durham, iii, p. 355). |
| F | (Charter) f+7,
Trans of Thomas of Canterbury (7 Jul); gr 11 May 1310, by
Anthony Bek, bp of Durham to town of Stockton (C.M. Fraser,
Records of Anthony Bec, Bishop and Patriarch,
1283–1311, The Surtees Society, clxii (1947), p.
159). The fair declined. It was regranted in 1602 (VCH
Durham, iii, p. 355). |