The making of oral history

Footnotes

1. Paul Thompson, The Voice of the Past: Oral History (Oxford, 1978).
2. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (Harmondsworth, 1972), pp. 47–8.
3. Thompson, Voice of the Past, p. 28.
4. In the United States oral history had developed a few years before with the formation of the Oral History Association in 1966. The Columbia University Oral History Research Office, founded in 1948, claims to be 'the oldest and largest organized oral history program in the world', although the early programme tended to collect the testimonies of 'great men'.
5. Laurence Dopson, 'Old people as sources of history', Amateur Historian, 3, no. 4 (1957), 150–2.
6. Alistair Thomson, Michael Frisch and Paula Hamilton, 'The memory and history debates: some international perspectives', Oral History, 22, no. 2 (1994); Alistair Thomson, 'Four paradigm transformations in oral history', Oral History Review, 34, no. 1 (2007), 49–70.
7. The Oral History Reader, ed. Robert Perks and Alistair Thomson (2nd edn., London, 2006).
8. Harold Perkin, 'Social history in Britain', Journal of Social History, 10, no. 2 (Winter 1976), 132.
9. Peter Frank, 'Women's work in the Yorkshire inshore fishing industry', Oral History, 4, no. 1 (1976), 57–72.
10. Michael J. Winstanley, 'The rural publican and his business in East Kent before 1914', Oral History, 4, no. 2 (1976), 63–78.
11. S. E. Bird, 'Jazz bands of North East England: the evolution of a working class cultural activity', Oral History, 4, no. 2 (1976), 79–88.
12. Paul Thompson, The Voice of the Past: Oral History (Oxford, 1978), p. 7–8.
13. Sheila Rowbotham, Hidden from History: 300 years of Women's Oppression and the Fight against it (London, 1973).
14. Jill Liddington, 'Rediscovering suffrage history', History Workshop Journal, 4 (1977), 192–201.
15. 'Women's history', special issue, Oral History, 5, no. 2 (1977).
16. James Baldwin, 'Stranger in the village' in Notes of a native son (Boston, 1955), p. 175.
17. 'Black history', special issue, Oral History, 8, no. 1 (1980).
18. 'Ethnicity and national identity', special issue, Oral History, 21, no. 1 (1993).
19. Shaheeda Hosein, '"Until death do us part": marriage, divorce and the Indian woman in Trinidad', Oral History, 30, no. 1 (2002).
20. Susan K. Burton, 'Issues in cross-cultural interviewing: Japanese women in England', Oral History, 31, no. 1 (2003).
21. Jelena Cvorovic, 'Gypsy oral history in Serbia: from poverty to culture', Oral History, 33, no. 1 (2005).
22. Gavin Brown, 'Listening to queer maps of the city: gay men's narratives of pleasure and danger in London's East End', Oral History, 29, no. 1 (2001).
23. Clare Lomas, '"Men don't wear velvet you know!" Fashionable gay masculinity and the shopping experience, London, 1950–early 1970s', Oral History, 35, no. 1 (2007).
24. Hall-Carpenter Archives, Inventing Ourselves: Lesbian Life Stories (London, 1989); Hall-Carpenter Archives, Walking After Midnight: Gay Men's Life Stories (London, 1989).
25. Rebecca Jennings, 'Lesbian voices: the Hall Carpenter Oral History Archive and post-war British lesbian history', Sexualities, 7, no. 4 (2004), 430–45.
26. Brighton Ourstory, Daring Hearts: Lesbian and Gay lives of 50s and 60s Brighton (1992).
27. Paul Thompson, The Voice of the Past: Oral History (Oxford, 1978), p. 1.
28. Historical Controversies and Historians, ed. William Lamont (London, 1998).
29. Justin Champion, 'What are historians for?', Historical Research, 81, no. 211 (2008), 167–88.
30. Luisa Passerini, 'Work ideology and consensus under Italian fascism', History Workshop Journal, 8, no. 1 (1979), 82–108.
31. Joanna Bornat and H. Diamond, 'Women's history and oral history: developments and debates', Women's History Review, 16, no. 1 (2007), 19–39.
32. Oral History, 5, no. 2 (1977); Oral History, 10, no. 2 (1982); Oral History, 21, no. 2 (1993); Oral History, 30, no. 1 (2002).
33. Susan Armitage, Patricia Hart and Katherine Weathermon, Women's Oral History: the Frontiers Reader (Lincoln, 2002).
34. Susan H. Armitage & Sherna Berger Gluck, 'Reflections on Women's Oral History, an Exchange', in Armitage, Hart and Weathermon (eds) Women's Oral History: the 'Frontiers' Reader, p. 83.
35. Penny Summerfield, Reconstructing Women's Wartime Lives: Discourse and Subjectivity in Oral Histories of the Second World War (Manchester, 1998).
36. Anna Green, 'Individual remembering and "collective memory": theoretical presuppositions and contemporary debates', Oral History, 32, no. 2 (2004); Graham Smith, 'Beyond individual/collective memory: women's transactive memories of food, fashion and conflict', Oral History, 35, no. 2 (2007).
37. Michael Frisch, A Shared Authority: Essays on the Craft and Meaning of Oral and Public History (New York, 1990).
38. Popular Memory Group, 'Popular memory: theory, politics, method', in Making Histories: Studies in History-Writing and Politics, ed. Richard Johnson and others (London, 1982), pp. 205–52.
39. Michael Frisch, A Shared Authority: Essays on the Craft and Meaning of Oral and Public History (New York, 1990), p. xx.
40. See, for example, Oral History Review, 30, no. 1 (2003).
41. Raphael Samuel, 'The perils of the transcript', Oral History, 1, no. 2 (1971), 19–22.
42. Paul Thompson, 'Problems of method in oral history', Oral History, 1, no. 4 (1971).
43. George Ewart Evans, 'Approaches to interviewing', Oral History, 1, no. 4 (1971).
44. Tony Green, 'The Leicester Conference on Oral History: four impressions', Oral History, 1, no. 3 (1971), 10.
45. Alessandro Portelli, 'What makes oral history different', in The Oral History Reader, ed. Robert Perks and Alistair Thomson (2nd edn., London, 2006).
46. David Lance, 'Oral history recording: a note on legal considerations', Oral History, 4, no. 1 (1976).
47. Dietrich Schller, Audio and Video Carriers: Recording Principles, Storage and Handling, Maintenance of Equipment, Format and Equipment Obsolescence (2008). See also The Technical Committee of the International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA) general guidelines.
48. Joanna Bornat, 'The communities of community publishing', Oral History, 20, no. 2 (1992).
49. Ellen D. Swain, 'Oral history in the archives: Its documentary role in the twenty-first century', in Perks and Thomson, Oral History Reader.
50. Rob Perks and Alistair Thomson 'Making histories: introduction', in Perks and Thomson, Oral History Reader.
51. Jack Yeatman, 'Solent Archives for Education: a radio experiment', Oral History, 6, no. 2 (1978); Ian Beckwith, 'Joe's Journals: an experiment in broadcasting total history', Oral History, 6, no. 2 (1978).
52. Jill Liddington with Alan Dein and Mark Whitaker, 'Listening to the past on radio', Oral History, 34, no. 1 (2006).
53. Steve Humphries, 'Oral history on television: a retrospective', Oral History, 36, no. 2 (2008).
54. Rob Perks, 'Acceso a la Red en Gran Bretaa', Historia, Antropologay Fuentes Orales, 36 (2006).
55. Joanna Bornat, 'Oral history as a social movement: reminiscence and older people', Oral History, 17, no. 2 (1989).
56. Pam Schweitzer, Reminiscence Theatre: Making Theatre from Memories (London, 2007).
57. Jane Hamlett and others, 'Regulating UK supermarkets: an oral-history perspective', History and Policy, April 2008.
58. O'Connell, 'Credit, Class and Community: Working Class Belfast, 1930–2000' AHDS, 2004.
59. Susan Tester, James Valentine and Carole Archibald, How does Ageing affect Older People with Marginalised Sexual Identity? (Stirling, 2003).
60. Peter Beresford and John Hopton, 'Whose story is it anyway?', Openmind, 100, (1999).

Graham Smith is Chair of the Oral History Society and a Senior Lecturer at Royal Holloway University London.

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